NDLI: A Simple Experimentally Based Model Using Proprioceptive Regulation of Motor Primitives Captures Adjusted Trajectory Formation in Spinal Frogs

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Kargo, William J. Ramakrishnan, Arun Hart, Corey B. Rome, Lawrence C. Giszter, Simon F.
Abstract	Spinal circuits may organize trajectories using pattern generators and synergies. In frogs, prior work supports fixed-duration pulses of fixed composition synergies, forming primitives. In wiping behaviors, spinal frogs adjust their motor activity according to the starting limb position and generate fairly straight and accurate isochronous trajectories across the workspace. To test whether a compact description using primitives modulated by proprioceptive feedback could reproduce such trajectory formation, we built a biomechanical model based on physiological data. We recorded from hindlimb muscle spindles to evaluate possible proprioceptive input. As movement was initiated, early skeletofusimotor activity enhanced many muscle spindles firing rates. Before movement began, a rapid estimate of the limb position from simple combinations of spindle rates was possible. Three primitives were used in the model with muscle compositions based on those observed in frogs. Our simulations showed that simple gain and phase shifts of primitives based on published feedback mechanisms could generate accurate isochronous trajectories and motor patterns that matched those observed. Although on-line feedback effects were omitted from the model after movement onset, our primitive-based model reproduced the wiping behavior across a range of starting positions. Without modifications from proprioceptive feedback, the model behaviors missed the target in a manner similar to that in deafferented frogs. These data show how early proprioception might be used to make a simple estimate initial limb state and to implicitly plan a movement using observed spinal motor primitives. Simulations showed that choice of synergy composition played a role in this simplicity. To generate froglike trajectories, a hip flexor synergy without sartorius required motor patterns with more proprioceptive knee flexor control than did patterns built with a more natural synergy including sartorius. Such synergy choices and control strategies may simplify the circuitry required for reflex trajectory construction and adaptation.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01054.2007
Ending Page	590
Page Count	18
Starting Page	573
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00223077
e-ISSN	15221598
Journal	Journal of Neurophysiology
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	103
Language	English
Publisher	American Physiological Society
Publisher Date	2010-01-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Physiological Society
Subject Keyword	Physiology Neuroscience(all) Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Physiology

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