NDLI: The P446L variant in GCKR associated with fasting plasma glucose and triglyceride levels exerts its effect through increased glucokinase activity in liver

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Beer, Nicola L. Tribble, Nicholas D. Mcculloch, Laura J. Roos, Charlotta Johnson, Paul R. V. Orho-melander, Marju Gloyn, Anna L.
Abstract	Genome-wide association studies have identified a number of signals for both Type 2 Diabetes and related quantitative traits. For the majority of loci, the transition from association signal to mutational mechanism has been difficult to establish. Glucokinase (GCK) regulates glucose storage and disposal in the liver where its activity is regulated by glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP; gene name GCKR). Fructose-6 and fructose-1 phosphate (F6P and F1P) enhance or reduce GKRP-mediated inhibition, respectively. A common GCKR variant (P446L) is reproducibly associated with triglyceride and fasting plasma glucose levels in the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the mutational mechanism responsible for this genetic association. Recombinant human GCK and both human wild-type (WT) and P446L-GKRP proteins were generated. GCK kinetic activity was observed spectrophotometrically using an NADP+-coupled assay. WT and P446L-GKRP-mediated inhibition of GCK activity and subsequent regulation by phosphate esters were determined. Assays matched for GKRP activity demonstrated no difference in dose-dependent inhibition of GCK activity or F1P-mediated regulation. However, the response to physiologically relevant F6P levels was significantly attenuated with P446L-GKRP (n = 18; P ≤ 0.03). Experiments using equimolar concentrations of both regulatory proteins confirmed these findings (n = 9; P < 0.001). In conclusion, P446L-GKRP has reduced regulation by physiological concentrations of F6P, resulting indirectly in increased GCK activity. Altered GCK regulation in liver is predicted to enhance glycolytic flux, promoting hepatic glucose metabolism and elevating concentrations of malonyl-CoA, a substrate for de novo lipogenesis, providing a mutational mechanism for the reported association of this variant with raised triglycerides and lower glucose levels.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddp357
Ending Page	4088
Page Count	8
Starting Page	4081
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09646906
e-ISSN	14602083
Journal	Human Molecular Genetics
Issue Number	21
Volume Number	18
Language	English
Publisher	Oxford University Press
Publisher Date	2009-11-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Oxford University Press
Subject Keyword	Genetics(clinical) Genetics Molecular Biology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Genetics Molecular Biology Genetics (clinical)

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