NDLI: Alcohol selectively reduces anxiety but not fear: Startle response during unpredictable vs. predictable threat

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Moberg, Christine A. Curtin, John J.
Abstract	Recent theory and empirical research has suggested that fear and anxiety are distinct processes with separable neurobiological substrates. Furthermore, a laboratory procedure has been developed to manipulate fear vs. anxiety independently via administration of predictable or unpredictable electric shock, respectively. Benzodiazepines appear to selectively reduce anxiety but not fear in this procedure. The primary aim of this experiment was to determine if alcohol produced a similar selective reduction in anxiety. Intoxicated (target blood alcohol concentration of 0.08%) and non-intoxicated participants viewed a series of colored squares separated by variable inter-trial intervals (ITI) in three conditions. In the predictable shock condition, shocks were administered contingently during every square. In the unpredictable shock condition, shocks were administered non-contingently during both squares and ITIs. In the no-shock condition, no shocks were administered at any time. Alcohol significantly reduced startle potentiation during cues signaling unpredictable but not predictable shock, consistent with the thesis that alcohol selectively reduces anxiety but not fear. In addition, alcohol’s effect on startle potentiation during unpredictable shock was mediated by vigilance. This anxiolytic effect may clarify the nature of alcohol’s reinforcing effects in social and problem drinkers.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015636
Ending Page	347
Page Count	13
Starting Page	335
File Format	PDF
ISSN	19391846
e-ISSN	19391846
Journal	Journal of abnormal psychology
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	118
Language	English
Publisher Date	2009-01-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Social Sciences(all) Psychology(all) Mathematics(all) Clinical Psychology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Clinical Psychology

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