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| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Oliver, Jeffrey C. Robertson, Kendra A. Monteiro, Antónia |
| Copyright Year | 2009 |
| Abstract | Visual patterns in animals may serve different functions, such as attracting mates and deceiving predators. If a signal is used for multiple functions, the opportunity arises for conflict among the different functions, preventing optimization for any one visual signal. Here we investigate the hypothesis that spatial separation of different visual signal functions has occurred in Bicyclus butterflies. Using phylogenetic reconstructions of character evolution and comparisons of evolutionary rates, we found dorsal surface characters to evolve at higher rates than ventral characters. Dorsal characters also displayed sex-based differences in evolutionary rates more often than did ventral characters. Thus, dorsal characters corresponded to our predictions of mate signalling while ventral characters appear to play an important role in predator avoidance. Forewing characters also fit a model of mate signalling, and displayed higher rates of evolution than hindwing characters. Our results, as well as the behavioural and developmental data from previous studies of Bicyclus species, support the hypothesis that spatial separation of visual signal functions has occurred in Bicyclus butterflies. This study is the first to demonstrate, in a phylogenetic framework, that spatial separation of signals used for mate signalling and those used for predator avoidance is a viable strategy to accommodate multiple signal functions. This signalling strategy has important ramifications on the developmental evolution of wing pattern elements and diversification of butterfly species. |
| Related Links | http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2009.0182 |
| Ending Page | 2375 |
| Page Count | 7 |
| Starting Page | 2369 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 09628452 |
| e-ISSN | 14712954 |
| Journal | Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |
| Issue Number | 1666 |
| Volume Number | 276 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | The Royal Society |
| Publisher Date | 2009-07-07 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights Holder | The Royal Society |
| Subject Keyword | Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) Immunology and Microbiology(all) Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) Environmental Science(all) Medicine(all) Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Immunology and Microbiology Medicine Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Environmental Science Agricultural and Biological Sciences |
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