NDLI: Redundancy of Enzymes for Formaldehyde Detoxification in Pseudomonas putida ▿ †

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Roca, Amalia Rodríguez-herva, Jose J. Ramos, Juan L.
Abstract	Pseudomonas putida KT2440 exhibits redundant formaldehyde dehydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases that contribute to the detoxification of formaldehyde, a highly toxic compound. Physical and transcriptional analyses showed that the open reading frame (ORF) PP0328, encoding one of the formaldehyde dehydrogenases, is self-sufficient, whereas the other functional formaldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ORF PP3970) forms an operon with another gene of unknown function. Two formate dehydrogenase gene clusters (PP0489 to PP0492 and PP2183 to PP2186) were identified, and genes in these clusters were found to form operons. All four transcriptional promoters were mapped by primer extension and revealed the presence of noncanonical promoters expressed at basal level in the exponential growth phase and at a higher level in the stationary phase regardless of the presence of extracellular formaldehyde or formate. These promoters were characterized by a 5′-AG-CCA-C/A-CT-3′ conserved region between −7 and −16. To determine the contribution of the different gene products to formaldehyde and formate mineralization, mutants with single and double mutations of formaldehyde dehydrogenases were generated, and the effect of the mutations on formaldehyde catabolism was tested by measuring 14CO2 evolution from 14C-labeled formaldehyde. The results showed that both enzymes contributed to formaldehyde catabolism. A double mutant lacking these two enzymes still evolved CO2 from formaldehyde, suggesting the presence of one or more still-unidentified formaldehyde dehydrogenases. Mutants with single and double mutations in the clusters for formate dehydrogenases were also generated, and all of them were able to metabolize [14C]formate to 14CO2, suggesting a redundancy of functions that was not limited to only the annotated genes. Single and double mutants deficient in formaldehyde dehydrogenases and formate dehydrogenases exhibited longer lag phases than did the parental strain when confronted with concentrations of formaldehyde close to the MICs. This suggests a role for the detoxification system in tolerance to sublethal concentrations of formaldehyde.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00076-09
Ending Page	3374
Page Count	8
Starting Page	3367
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00219193
e-ISSN	10985530
Journal	Journal of Bacteriology
Issue Number	10
Volume Number	191
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Publisher Date	2009-05-15
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Subject Keyword	Molecular Biology Microbiology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Molecular Biology Microbiology

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