NDLI: HicA of Escherichia coli Defines a Novel Family of Translation-Independent mRNA Interferases in Bacteria and Archaea▿ †

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Jørgensen, Mikkel G. Pandey, Deo P. Milena, Jaskolska Gerdes, Kenn
Abstract	Toxin-antitoxin (TA) loci are common in free-living bacteria and archaea. TA loci encode a stable toxin that is neutralized by a metabolically unstable antitoxin. The antitoxin can be either a protein or an antisense RNA. So far, six different TA gene families, in which the antitoxins are proteins, have been identified. Recently, Makarova et al. (K. S. Makarova, N. V. Grishin, and E. V. Koonin, Bioinformatics 22:2581-2584, 2006) suggested that the hicAB loci constitute a novel TA gene family. Using the hicAB locus of Escherichia coli K-12 as a model system, we present evidence that supports this inference: expression of the small HicA protein (58 amino acids [aa]) induced cleavage in three model mRNAs and tmRNA. Concomitantly, the global rate of translation was severely reduced. Using tmRNA as a substrate, we show that HicA-induced cleavage does not require the target RNA to be translated. Expression of HicB (145 aa) prevented HicA-mediated inhibition of cell growth. These results suggest that HicB neutralizes HicA and therefore functions as an antitoxin. As with other antitoxins (RelB and MazF), HicB could resuscitate cells inhibited by HicA, indicating that ectopic production of HicA induces a bacteriostatic rather than a bactericidal condition. Nutrient starvation induced strong hicAB transcription that depended on Lon protease. Mining of 218 prokaryotic genomes revealed that hicAB loci are abundant in bacteria and archaea.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01013-08
Ending Page	1199
Page Count	9
Starting Page	1191
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00219193
e-ISSN	10985530
Journal	Journal of Bacteriology
Issue Number	4
Volume Number	191
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Publisher Date	2009-02-15
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Subject Keyword	Molecular Biology Microbiology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Molecular Biology Microbiology

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HicA of Escherichia coli Defines a Novel Family of Translation-Independent mRNA Interferases in Bacteria and Archaea▿ †