NDLI: Frequency of Binary Toxin Genes among Clostridium difficile Strains That Do Not Produce Large Clostridial Toxins

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Geric, Barbara Johnson, Stuart Gerding, Dale N. Grabnar, Miklavz Rupnik, Maja
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	Pathogenic strains of Clostridium difficile commonly produce two large clostridial toxins (LCTs), A and B, virulence factors responsible for C. difficile disease. Some strains have been reported to produce an additional toxin, a binary toxin designated CDT. Binary toxin has cytotoxic effects on cells in culture, but its role in human disease is not yet defined. In this study we examined the frequency of binary toxin genes (cdtB and cdtA) among C. difficile isolates that do not produce LCTs (A− B−) from a large United States-based collection organized by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) typing. Of 58 strains tested, 9 (15.5%) were cdtB and cdtA positive, including 4 of 46 (8.7%) non-LCT-producing REA groups, with an estimated prevalence of at least 2% of all non-LCT-producing isolates within the collection. Five of the binary toxin-positive strains belonged to toxinotype XI, which does not produce LCTs but has minor parts of the LCT coding region or pathogenicity locus (PaLoc). We describe two new binary toxin-positive variants, one without any remnant of the LCT genes. This previously unknown variation was found in three isolates that were unrelated by REA typing. LCT-negative, binary toxin-positive strains were isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and from the hospital environment.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.41.11.5227-5232.2003
Ending Page	5232
Page Count	6
Starting Page	5227
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00951137
e-ISSN	1098660X
Journal	Journal of Clinical Microbiology
Issue Number	11
Volume Number	41
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Date	2003-11-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology
Subject Keyword	Microbiology (medical) Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Microbiology (medical)

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