NDLI: Genome Sequence of the Fish Pathogen Renibacterium salmoninarum Suggests Reductive Evolution away from an Environmental Arthrobacter Ancestor▿ †

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Wiens, Gregory D. Rockey, Daniel D. Wu, Zaining Chang, Jean Levy, Ruth Crane, Samuel Chen, Donald S. Capri, Gina R. Burnett, Jeffrey R. Sudheesh, Ponnerassery S. Schipma, Matthew J. Burd, Henry Bhattacharyya, Anamitra Rhodes, Linda D. Kaul, Rajinder Strom, Mark S.
Abstract	Renibacterium salmoninarum is the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease and a significant threat to healthy and sustainable production of salmonid fish worldwide. This pathogen is difficult to culture in vitro, genetic manipulation is challenging, and current therapies and preventative strategies are only marginally effective in preventing disease. The complete genome of R. salmoninarum ATCC 33209 was sequenced and shown to be a 3,155,250-bp circular chromosome that is predicted to contain 3,507 open-reading frames (ORFs). A total of 80 copies of three different insertion sequence elements are interspersed throughout the genome. Approximately 21% of the predicted ORFs have been inactivated via frameshifts, point mutations, insertion sequences, and putative deletions. The R. salmoninarum genome has extended regions of synteny to the Arthrobacter sp. strain FB24 and Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 genomes, but it is approximately 1.9 Mb smaller than both Arthrobacter genomes and has a lower G+C content, suggesting that significant genome reduction has occurred since divergence from the last common ancestor. A limited set of putative virulence factors appear to have been acquired via horizontal transmission after divergence of the species; these factors include capsular polysaccharides, heme sequestration molecules, and the major secreted cell surface antigen p57 (also known as major soluble antigen). Examination of the genome revealed a number of ORFs homologous to antibiotic resistance genes, including genes encoding β-lactamases, efflux proteins, macrolide glycosyltransferases, and rRNA methyltransferases. The genome sequence provides new insights into R. salmoninarum evolution and may facilitate identification of chemotherapeutic targets and vaccine candidates that can be used for prevention and treatment of infections in cultured salmonids.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00721-08
Ending Page	6982
Page Count	13
Starting Page	6970
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00219193
e-ISSN	10985530
Journal	Journal of Bacteriology
Issue Number	21
Volume Number	190
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Publisher Date	2008-11-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology (ASM)
Subject Keyword	Molecular Biology Microbiology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Molecular Biology Microbiology

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