NDLI: Estrogen alters behavior and forebrain c-fos expression in ovariectomized rats subjected to the forced swim test

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Rachman, Ilya M. Unnerstall, James R. Pfaff, Donald W. Cohen, Rochelle S.
Copyright Year	1998
Abstract	Estrogen has been implicated in brain functions related to affective state, including hormone-related affective disorders in women. Although some reports suggest that estrogen appears to decrease vulnerability to affective disorders in certain cases, the mechanisms involved are unknown. We used the forced swim test (FST), a paradigm used to test the efficacy of antidepressants, and addressed the hypotheses that estrogen alters behavior of ovariectomized rats in the FST and the FST-induced expression of c-fos, a marker for neuronal activity, in the rat forebrain. The behaviors displayed included struggling, swimming, and immobility. One hour after the beginning of the test on day 2, the animals were perfused, and the brains were processed for c-fos immunocytochemistry. On day 1, the estradiol benzoate-treated animals spent significantly less time struggling and virtually no time in immobility and spent most of the time swimming. Control rats spent significantly more time struggling or being immobile during a comparable period. On day 2, similar behavioral patterns with still more pronounced differences were observed between estradiol benzoate and ovariectomized control groups in struggling, immobility, and swimming. Analysis of the mean number of c-fos immunoreactive cell nuclei showed a significant reduction in the estradiol benzoate versus control groups in areas of the forebrain relating to sensory, contextual, and integrative processing. Our results suggest that estrogen-induced neurochemical changes in forebrain neurons may translate into an altered behavioral output in the affective domain.
Starting Page	13941
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10916490
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	23
Volume Number	95
Language	English
Publisher	The National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1998-11-10
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	The National Academy of Sciences
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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