NDLI: Identification of higher brain centres that may encode the cardiorespiratory response to exercise in humans

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Thornton, Judith M. Guz, Abe Murphy, Kevin Griffith, Alison R. Pedersen, David L. Kardos, Attila Leff, Alex Adams, Lewis Casadei, Barbara Paterson, David J.
Copyright Year	2001
Abstract	Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to identify the neuroanatomical correlates underlying ‘central command’ during imagination of exercise under hypnosis, in order to uncouple central command from peripheral feedback. Three cognitive conditions were used: condition I, imagination of freewheeling downhill on a bicycle (no change in heart rate, HR, or ventilation, ): condition II, imagination of exercise, cycling uphill (increased HR by 12 % and by 30 % of the actual exercise response): condition III, volitionally driven hyperventilation to match that achieved in condition II (no change in HR). Subtraction methodology created contrast A (II minus I) highlighting cerebral areas involved in the imagination of exercise and contrast B (III minus I) highlighting areas activated in the direct volitional control of breathing (n = 4 for both; 8 scans per subject). End-tidal P CO2 (P ET,CO2) was held constant throughout PET scanning. In contrast A, significant activations were seen in the right dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor areas (SMA), the right premotor area (PMA), superolateral sensorimotor areas, thalamus, and bilaterally in the cerebellum. In contrast B, significant activations were present in the SMA and in lateral sensorimotor cortical areas. The SMA/PMA, dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex and the cerebellum are concerned with volitional/motor control, including that of the respiratory muscles. The neuroanatomical areas activated suggest that a significant component of the respiratory response to ‘exercise’, in the absence of both movement feedback and an increase in CO2 production, can be generated by what appears to be a behavioural response.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.00823.x
Ending Page	836
Page Count	14
Starting Page	823
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00223751
e-ISSN	14697793
Journal	The Journal of Physiology
Issue Number	Pt 3
Volume Number	533
Language	English
Publisher	Blackwell Science Inc
Publisher Date	2001-06-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	Blackwell Science Inc
Subject Keyword	Physiology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physiology Sports Science

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