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| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Zappala, Giovanna Elbi, Cem Edwards, Joanna Gorenstein, Julie Rechler, Matthew M. Bhattacharyya, Nisan |
| Copyright Year | 2008 |
| Abstract | IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3 can induce apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells directly without sequestering IGF-I and -II. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the IGF-independent actions of IGFBP-3 remain unclear. IGFBP-3, a secreted protein, can be internalized and translocate to the nucleus. It binds to the nuclear retinoid X receptor (RXR)-α. Binding to RXR-α has been proposed to be required for IGFBP-3 to induce apoptosis. The present study tests this hypothesis in the PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line. PC-3 cells express RXR-α, and apoptosis is induced by incubation with RXR-specific ligand. A COOH-terminal region in IGFBP-3 (residues 215–232) contains a nuclear localization signal, and binding domains for RXR-α and heparin (HBD). Different combinations of the 11 amino acids in this region that differ from IGFBP-1, a related IGFBP, which does not localize to the nucleus or bind RXR-α, were mutated to the IGFBP-1 sequence. By confocal imaging, mutation of residues 228-KGRKR-232 in nonsecreted IGFBP-3 diminished its nuclear localization. IGFBP-3 binding to glutathione S-transferase-RXR-α only was lost when all 11 sites were mutated (HBD-11m-IGFBP-3). Expressed nuclear RXR-α did not transport cytoplasmic IGFBP-3 nuclear localization signal mutants that can bind RXR-α to the nucleus even after treatment with RXR ligand. Expressed HBD-11m-IGFBP-3 still induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells in an IGF-independent manner as determined by flow cytometric analysis of Annexin V staining. We conclude that in PC-3 cells, RXR-α is not required for the nuclear translocation of IGFBP-3 and that IGFBP-3 can induce apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells without binding RXR-α. |
| Related Links | http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-1315 |
| Ending Page | 1812 |
| Page Count | 11 |
| Starting Page | 1802 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00137227 |
| e-ISSN | 19457170 |
| Journal | Endocrinology |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| Volume Number | 149 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | The Endocrine Society |
| Publisher Date | 2008-04-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights Holder | The Endocrine Society |
| Subject Keyword | Endocrinology Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Endocrinology |
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