NDLI: Area summation in human vision at and above detection threshold

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Meese, Tim S. Summers, Robert J.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	The initial image-processing stages of visual cortex are well suited to a local (patchwise) analysis of the viewed scene. But the world's structures extend over space as textures and surfaces, suggesting the need for spatial integration. Most models of contrast vision fall shy of this process because (i) the weak area summation at detection threshold is attributed to probability summation (PS) and (ii) there is little or no advantage of area well above threshold. Both of these views are challenged here. First, it is shown that results at threshold are consistent with linear summation of contrast following retinal inhomogeneity, spatial filtering, nonlinear contrast transduction and multiple sources of additive Gaussian noise. We suggest that the suprathreshold loss of the area advantage in previous studies is due to a concomitant increase in suppression from the pedestal. To overcome this confound, a novel stimulus class is designed where: (i) the observer operates on a constant retinal area, (ii) the target area is controlled within this summation field, and (iii) the pedestal is fixed in size. Using this arrangement, substantial summation is found along the entire masking function, including the region of facilitation. Our analysis shows that PS and uncertainty cannot account for the results, and that suprathreshold summation of contrast extends over at least seven target cycles of grating.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0957
Starting Page	2891
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14712954
e-ISSN	14712954
Journal	Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Issue Number	1627
Volume Number	274
Language	English
Publisher	The Royal Society
Publisher Date	2007-11-22
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	The Royal Society
Subject Keyword	Biological Sciences Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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