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| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Arnold, Ludovic Henry, Adeline Poron, Françoise Yasmine, Baba-amer Rooijen, Nico Van Anne, Plonquet Gherardi, Romain K. Chazaud, Bénédicte |
| Abstract | Macrophages (MPs) are important for skeletal muscle regeneration in vivo and may exert beneficial effects on myogenic cell growth through mitogenic and antiapoptotic activities in vitro. However, MPs are highly versatile and may exert various, and even opposite, functions depending on their activation state. We studied monocyte (MO)/MP phenotypes and functions during skeletal muscle repair. Selective labeling of circulating MOs by latex beads in CX3CR1GFP/+ mice showed that injured muscle recruited only CX3CR1lo/Ly-6C+ MOs from blood that exhibited a nondividing, F4/80lo, proinflammatory profile. Then, within muscle, these cells switched their phenotype to become proliferating antiinflammatory CX3CR1hi/Ly-6C− cells that further differentiated into F4/80hi MPs. In vitro, phagocytosis of muscle cell debris induced a switch of proinflammatory MPs toward an antiinflammatory phenotype releasing transforming growth factor β1. In co-cultures, inflammatory MPs stimulated myogenic cell proliferation, whereas antiinflammatory MPs exhibited differentiating activity, assessed by both myogenin expression and fusion into myotubes. Finally, depletion of circulating MOs in CD11b–diphtheria toxin receptor mice at the time of injury totally prevented muscle regeneration, whereas depletion of intramuscular F4/80hi MPs at later stages reduced the diameter of regenerating fibers. In conclusion, injured skeletal muscle recruits MOs exhibiting inflammatory profiles that operate phagocytosis and rapidly convert to antiinflammatory MPs that stimulate myogenesis and fiber growth. |
| Related Links | http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20070075 |
| Ending Page | 1069 |
| Page Count | 13 |
| Starting Page | 1057 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00221007 |
| e-ISSN | 15409538 |
| Journal | The Journal of Experimental Medicine |
| Issue Number | 5 |
| Volume Number | 204 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | The Rockefeller University Press |
| Publisher Date | 2007-05-14 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Rights Holder | The Rockefeller University Press |
| Subject Keyword | Immunology Immunology and Allergy Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Immunology and Allergy Immunology |
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