NDLI: Actin–myosin network reorganization breaks symmetry at the cell rear to spontaneously initiate polarized cell motility

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Yam, Patricia T. Wilson, Cyrus A. Ji, Lin Hebert, Benedict Barnhart, Erin L. Dye, Natalie A. Wiseman, Paul W. Danuser, Gaudenz Theriot, Julie A.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	We have analyzed the spontaneous symmetry breaking and initiation of actin-based motility in keratocytes (fish epithelial cells). In stationary keratocytes, the actin network flow was inwards and radially symmetric. Immediately before motility initiation, the actin network flow increased at the prospective cell rear and reoriented in the perinuclear region, aligning with the prospective axis of movement. Changes in actin network flow at the cell front were detectable only after cell polarization. Inhibition of myosin II or Rho kinase disrupted actin network organization and flow in the perinuclear region and decreased the motility initiation frequency, whereas increasing myosin II activity with calyculin A increased the motility initiation frequency. Local stimulation of myosin activity in stationary cells by the local application of calyculin A induced directed motility initiation away from the site of stimulation. Together, these results indicate that large-scale actin–myosin network reorganization and contractility at the cell rear initiate spontaneous symmetry breaking and polarized motility of keratocytes.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200706012
Ending Page	1221
Page Count	15
Starting Page	1207
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00219525
e-ISSN	15408140
Journal	The Journal of Cell Biology
Issue Number	7
Volume Number	178
Language	English
Publisher	The Rockefeller University Press
Publisher Date	2007-09-24
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	The Rockefeller University Press
Subject Keyword	Cell Biology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Medicine

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