NDLI: γ-Tocopherol traps mutagenic electrophiles such as NOx and complements α-tocopherol: Physiological implications

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Christen, Stephan Woodall, Alan A. Shigenaga, Mark K. Southwell-keely, Peter T. Duncan, Mark W. Ames, Bruce N.
Copyright Year	1997
Abstract	Peroxynitrite, a powerful mutagenic oxidant and nitrating species, is formed by the near diffusion-limited reaction of ·NO and O2⨪ during activation of phagocytes. Chronic inflammation induced by phagocytes is a major contributor to cancer and other degenerative diseases. We examined how γ-tocopherol (γT), the principal form of vitamin E in the United States diet, and α-tocopherol (αT), the major form in supplements, protect against peroxynitrite-induced lipid oxidation. Lipid hydroperoxide formation in liposomes (but not isolated low-density lipoprotein) exposed to peroxynitrite or the ·NO and O2⨪ generator SIN-1 (3-morpholinosydnonimine) was inhibited more effectively by γT than αT. More importantly, nitration of γT at the nucleophilic 5-position, which proceeded in both liposomes and human low density lipoprotein at yields of ≈50% and ≈75%, respectively, was not affected by the presence of αT. These results suggest that despite αT’s action as an antioxidant γT is required to effectively remove the peroxynitrite-derived nitrating species. We postulate that γT acts in vivo as a trap for membrane-soluble electrophilic nitrogen oxides and other electrophilic mutagens, forming stable carbon-centered adducts through the nucleophilic 5-position, which is blocked in αT. Because large doses of dietary αT displace γT in plasma and other tissues, the current wisdom of vitamin E supplementation with primarily αT should be reconsidered.
Starting Page	3217
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10916490
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	7
Volume Number	94
Language	English
Publisher	The National Academy of Sciences of the USA
Publisher Date	1997-04-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	The National Academy of Sciences of the USA
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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