NDLI: In vitro model for the nuclear transport of the hepadnavirus genome.

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On viruses, sex, and motherhood.

Expression of gamma interferon by simian immunodeficiency virus increases attenuation and reduces postchallenge virus load in vaccinated rhesus macaques.

CD4, CXCR-4, and CCR-5 dependencies for infections by primary patient and laboratory-adapted isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Infectious properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants with distinct affinities for the CD4 receptor.

Mapping and characterization of the interaction domains of human papillomavirus type 16 E1 and E2 proteins.

Characterization of a second cleavage site and demonstration of activity in trans by the papain-like proteinase of the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59.

RNA-targeted activators, but not DNA-targeted activators, repress the synthesis of short transcripts at the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat.

An amino-terminal domain of the Sendai virus nucleocapsid protein is required for template function in viral RNA synthesis.

A novel antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity epitope in gp120 is identified by two monoclonal antibodies isolated from a long-term survivor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.

Genetic exchange by recombination or reassortment is infrequent in natural populations of a tripartite RNA plant virus.

A novel 165-base-pair terminal repeat sequence is the sole cis requirement for the adeno-associated virus life cycle.

Characterization of two temperature-sensitive mutants of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain A59 with maturation defects in the spike protein.

Independently cloned halves of cytomegalovirus assemblin, An and Ac, can restore proteolytic activity to assemblin mutants by intermolecular complementation.

Specific initiation of replication at the right-end telomere of the closed species of minute virus of mice replicative-form DNA.

Translational regulation of the human cytomegalovirus pp28 (UL99) late gene.

Protease-deficient herpes simplex virus protects mice from lethal herpesvirus infection.

The internal open reading frame within the nucleocapsid gene of mouse hepatitis virus encodes a structural protein that is not essential for viral replication.

The ICP22 protein of equine herpesvirus 1 cooperates with the IE protein to regulate viral gene expression.

Nef association with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions and cleavage by the viral protease.

Interaction of herpes simplex virus 1 alpha regulatory protein ICP0 with elongation factor 1delta: ICP0 affects translational machinery.

Functional identification of nucleotides conferring substrate specificity to retroviral integrase reactions.

Point mutations within the betaG-betaH loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus O1K affect virus attachment to target cells.

Direct ex vivo simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific cytotoxic activity detected from small intestine intraepithelial lymphocytes of SIV-infected macaques at an advanced stage of infection.

Members of the nuclear receptor superfamily regulate transcription from the hepatitis B virus nucleocapsid promoter.

Oncogenesis of mammary glands, skin, and bones by polyomavirus correlates with viral persistence and prolonged genome replication potential.

The adeno-associated virus (AAV) Rep protein acts as both a repressor and an activator to regulate AAV transcription during a productive infection.

Impaired fitness of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with high-level resistance to protease inhibitors.

Phenotypic and genetic analysis of Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus few polyhedra mutants: mutations in the 25K FP gene may be caused by DNA replication errors.

Topology of the large envelope protein of duck hepatitis B virus suggests a mechanism for membrane translocation during particle morphogenesis.

Structural analysis of the adenovirus type 5 E1B 55-kilodalton-E4orf6 protein complex.

Nuclear sites of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA replication and transcription colocalize at early times postinfection and are largely distinct from RNA processing factors.

Association of herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP22 with transcriptional complexes containing EAP, ICP4, RNA polymerase II, and viral DNA requires posttranslational modification by the U(L)13 proteinkinase.

A novel terminal resolution-like site in the adeno-associated virus type 2 genome.

Polarized entry and release in epithelial cells of Black Creek Canal virus, a New World hantavirus.

Immunocytochemical analysis of Uukuniemi virus budding compartments: role of the intermediate compartment and the Golgi stack in virus maturation.

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-induced syncytium formation mediated by vascular cell adhesion molecule-1: evidence for involvement of cell adhesion molecules in HTLV-1 biology.

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax transactivates the human proliferating cell nuclear antigen promoter.

Complementation of a primer binding site-impaired murine leukemia virus-derived retroviral vector by a genetically engineered tRNA-like primer.

Second-site proviral enhancer alterations in lymphomas induced by enhancer mutants of SL3-3 murine leukemia virus: negative effect of nuclear factor 1 binding site.

Characterization of ribonucleoprotein complexes containing an abundant polyadenylated nuclear RNA encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8).

Inhibition of host cell transcription by poliovirus: cleavage of transcription factor CREB by poliovirus-encoded protease 3Cpro.

Early cytokine and chemokine gene expression in lymph nodes of macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus is predictive of disease outcome and vaccine efficacy.

Shared promoter elements between a viral superantigen and the major histocompatibility complex class II-associated invariant chain.

Effect of a modulator deletion on transcription of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early genes in infected undifferentiated and differentiated cells.

Overlapping epitopes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 presented by HLA A, B, and C molecules: effects of viral variation on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte recognition.

Rescue of rinderpest virus from cloned cDNA.

Investigation of the dynamics of the spread of human immunodeficiency virus to brain and other tissues by evolutionary analysis of sequences from the p17gag and env genes.

Assembly of herpes simplex virus capsids using the human cytomegalovirus scaffold protein: critical role of the C terminus.

Mother-to-infant transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 involving five envelope sequence subtypes.

Hepatitis C virus core protein interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of lymphotoxin-beta receptor.

In vitro model for the nuclear transport of the hepadnavirus genome.

Molecular epidemiology of 58 new African human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) strains: identification of a new and distinct HTLV-1 molecular subtype in Central Africa and in Pygmies.

3'-end processing and kinetics of 5'-end joining during retroviral integration in vivo.

Subcellular compartmentalization of adeno-associated virus type 2 assembly.

Marek's disease virus latency-associated transcripts belong to a family of spliced RNAs that are antisense to the ICP4 homolog gene.

Reovirus variants selected during persistent infections of L cells contain mutations in the viral S1 and S4 genes and are altered in viral disassembly.

Hyper-antigenic variation occurs with human rhinovirus type 17.

Specificity and affinity of binding of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein B to glycosaminoglycans.

The influenza A virus PB2 polymerase subunit is required for the replication of viral RNA.

S-phase-dependent cell cycle disturbances caused by Aleutian mink disease parvovirus.

High-efficiency transduction of human lymphoid progenitor cells and expression in differentiated T cells.

A novel cellular site-specific DNA-binding protein cooperates with the viral NS1 polypeptide to initiate parvovirus DNA replication.

Chimeric Sindbis viruses dependent on the NS3 protease of hepatitis C virus.

Encapsidation of turnip crinkle virus is defined by a specific packaging signal and RNA size.

The N terminus of hamster polyomavirus middle T antigen carries a determinant for specific activation of p59c-Fyn.

Mutations in the matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 inhibit surface expression and virion incorporation of viral envelope glycoproteins in CD4+ T lymphocytes.

The CD4-independent tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 involves several regions of the envelope protein and correlates with a reduced activation threshold for envelope-mediated fusion.

Initiation of vesicular stomatitis virus mutant polR1 transcription internally at the N gene in vitro.

Role of CD4 epitopes outside the gp120-binding site during entry of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Characterization of the human cytomegalovirus irs1 and trs1 genes: a second immediate-early transcription unit within irs1 whose product antagonizes transcriptional activation.

Subgenomic replicons of the flavivirus Kunjin: construction and applications.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection of ferrets as a model for testing Morbillivirus vaccine strategies: NYVAC- and ALVAC-based CDV recombinants protect against symptomatic infection.

In vivo study of genetically simplified bovine leukemia virus derivatives that lack tax and rex.

Identification and characterization of a G protein-coupled receptor homolog encoded by murine cytomegalovirus.

Role of early and late replication events in induction of apoptosis by baculoviruses.

The barley stripe mosaic virus 58-kilodalton beta(b) protein is a multifunctional RNA binding protein.

Physical and functional interactions between herpes simplex virus immediate-early proteins ICP4 and ICP27.

Role of glycoprotein PE2 in formation and maturation of the Sindbis virus spike.

Multiple widely spaced elements determine the efficiency with which a distal cistron is expressed from the polycistronic pregenomic RNA of figwort mosaic caulimovirus.

Interaction of an adenovirus 14.7-kilodalton protein inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha cytolysis with a new member of the GTPase superfamily of signal transducers.

bcl-2 acts early to restrict Semliki Forest virus replication and delays virus-induced programmed cell death.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 stimulates cytomegalovirus replication in monocytes: possible role of endogenous interleukin-8.

Functions of the tobacco etch virus RNA polymerase (NIb): subcellular transport and protein-protein interaction with VPg/proteinase (NIa).

A molecularly cloned, pathogenic, neutralization-resistant simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVsmE543-3.

Persistent poliovirus infection in mouse motoneurons.

Human cytomegalovirus infection inhibits G1/S transition.

Expression and maturation of human foamy virus Gag precursor polypeptides.

Detection of HLA-DR associated with monocytotropic, primary, and plasma isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Selection for retroviral insertions into regulated genes.

Identification of a replication-competent pathogenic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with a duplication in the TCF-1alpha region but lacking NF-kappaB binding sites.

Macrophage tropism of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and utilization of the CC-CKR5 coreceptor.

The sequence element of the internal ribosome entry site and a 25-kilodalton cellular protein contribute to efficient internal initiation of translation of hepatitis C virus RNA.

Chaperone functions common to nonhomologous Epstein-Barr virus gL and Varicella-Zoster virus gL proteins.

Late expression of a beta chemokine homolog by murine cytomegalovirus.

Antibody cross-reactivity with CD46 and lack of cell surface expression suggest that moesin might not mediate measles virus binding.

Na, an autoproteolytic product of the herpes simplex virus type 1 protease, can functionally substitute for the assembly protein ICP35.

Human carcinoembryonic antigen and biliary glycoprotein can serve as mouse hepatitis virus receptors.

Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus fusion by a monoclonal antibody to a coreceptor (CXCR4) is both cell type and virus strain dependent.

Rhodanine resistance and dependence of echovirus 12: a possible consequence of capsid flexibility.

Analysis of the 2-kilobase latency-associated transcript expressed in PC12 cells productively infected with herpes simplex virus type 1: evidence for a stable, nonlinear structure.

Human herpesvirus 7 infection of lymphoid and myeloid cell lines transduced with an adenovirus vector containing the CD4 gene.

Construction of a genome-length cDNA clone for human astrovirus serotype 1 and synthesis of infectious RNA transcripts.

Induction of CD4 expression and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by mutants of the interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR.

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies raised against p300: both p300 and CBP are present in intracellular TBP complexes.

Structure of replicating hepatitis C virus (HCV) quasispecies in the liver may not be reflected by analysis of circulating HCV virions.

Recovery of cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea viruses from cDNA constructs.

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In vitro model for the nuclear transport of the hepadnavirus genome.

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Kann, M. Bischof, A. Gerlich, W. H.
Abstract	Hepadnaviruses contain a DNA genome, but they replicate via an RNA intermediate, synthesized by the cellular RNA polymerase II in the nucleus of the infected cell. Thus, nuclear transport of the viral DNA is required in the viral life cycle. Protein-free DNA is only poorly imported into the nucleus, so one or more of the viral proteins must be involved in the transport of the viral genome. In order to identify these viral proteins, we purified woodchuck hepadnavirus (WHV) core particles from infected woodchuck liver, isolated WHV DNA, and extracted the covalent complex of viral polymerase from the particles using urea. Intact core particles, the polymerase-DNA complex, or protein-free WHV DNA from core particles was added to digitonin-permeabilized HuH-7 cells, in which the cytosol was substituted by rabbit reticulocyte lysate (RRL) and an ATP-generating system. The distribution of the viral genome was analyzed by semiquantitative PCR or by hybridization in total nuclei, RRL, nuclear membranes, and nucleoplasm. The polymerase-DNA complex was efficiently transported into the nucleus, as indicated by the resistance of the nucleus-associated DNA to a short-term treatment with DNase I of the intact nuclei. The DNA within core particles stayed mainly in the cytosol and remained protected against DNase I. A minor part of the encapsidated DNA was bound to nuclei. It was protected against DNase I but became accessible after disruption of the nuclei. Deproteinized viral DNA completely remained in the cytosol. These data show that the viral polymerase is probably sufficient for mediating the transport of a hepadnavirus genome into the nucleus and that the viral core particles may release the genome at the nuclear membrane.
Starting Page	1310
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10985514
e-ISSN	10985514
Journal	Journal of Virology
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	71
Language	English
Publisher Date	1997-02-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Virology Immunology Microbiology Insect Science

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