NDLI: T-cell dysfunctions in hu-PBL-SCID mice infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) shortly after reconstitution: in vivo effects of HIV on highly activated human immune cells.

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Identification of amino acids controlling the low-pH-induced conformational change of rabies virus glycoprotein.

Disulfide bonds of herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein gB.

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Retroviral insertional activation of the c-myb proto-oncogene in a Marek's disease T-lymphoma cell line.

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Identification of cis-acting sequences in the promoter of the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcripts required for activation by nerve growth factor and sodium butyrate in PC12 cells.

The RGG box motif of the herpes simplex virus ICP27 protein mediates an RNA-binding activity and determines in vivo methylation.

Cytomegalovirus "missing" capsid protein identified as heat-aggregable product of human cytomegalovirus UL46.

Infectivities of human and other primate lentiviruses are activated by desialylation of the virion surface.

Attenuation of DNA-dependent protein kinase activity and its catalytic subunit by the herpes simplex virus type 1 transactivator ICP0.

The oncoprotein Tax of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 activates transcription via interaction with cellular ATF-1/CREB factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Identification of the major membrane and core proteins of vaccinia virus by two-dimensional electrophoresis.

Evaluation of the concentration and bioactivity of adenovirus vectors for gene therapy.

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DNA encapsidation by viruslike particles assembled in insect cells from the major capsid protein VP1 of B-lymphotropic papovavirus.

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Enhanced transcriptional activation by E2 proteins from the oncogenic human papillomaviruses.

Feline immunodeficiency virus vaccination: characterization of the immune correlates of protection.

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Retroviral mutation rates and A-to-G hypermutations during different stages of retroviral replication.

Dynamics and modulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcripts in vitro and in vivo.

Comparative analysis of adenovirus fiber-cell interaction: adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) and Ad9 utilize the same cellular fiber receptor but use different binding strategies for attachment.

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Mutagenesis of the coxsackie B3 virus 2B/2C cleavage site: determinants of processing efficiency and effects on viral replication.

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Infection of primary human microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates: evidence of differential tropism.

Characterization of the products of the U(L)43 gene of herpes simplex virus 1: potential implications for regulation of gene expression by antisense transcription.

De novo synthesis of the early transcription factor 70-kilodalton subunit is required for morphogenesis of vaccinia virions.

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T-cell dysfunctions in hu-PBL-SCID mice infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) shortly after reconstitution: in vivo effects of HIV on highly activated human immune cells.

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T-cell dysfunctions in hu-PBL-SCID mice infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) shortly after reconstitution: in vivo effects of HIV on highly activated human immune cells.

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Rizza, P. Santini, S. M. Logozzi, M. A. Lapenta, C. Sestili, P. Gherardi, G. Lande, R. Spada, M. Parlato, S. Belardelli, F. Fais, S.
Abstract	The state of activation of the immune system may be an important factor which renders a host more receptive to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and more vulnerable to its effects. To explore this issue with a practical in vivo model, we developed a modified protocol of HIV infection in hu-PBL-SCID mice. First, we assessed the time course of activation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (hu-PBL) in the peritoneal cavity of SCID mice. At 2 to 24 h after the intraperitoneal injection into SCID mice, there was a clear-cut increase in the percentage of hu-PBL expressing early activation markers (CD69), concomitant with the release of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and the soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and with the accumulation of mRNAs for a number of human cytokines. At 2 weeks, virtually all of the hu-PBL expressed the memory phenotype (CD45RO) and HLA-DR antigens as well. Cells collected from the SCID mouse peritoneum at 2 and 24 h after transplantation were fully susceptible to in vitro infection with HIV type 1 (HIV-1) in the absence of either IL-2 or mitogens. The injection of HIV into hu-PBL-SCID mice at 2 h after reconstitution resulted in a generalized and productive HIV infection of the xenochimeras. This early HIV-1 infection resulted in a dramatic depletion of human CD4+ cells and in decreased levels of sICAM-1 (in the peritoneal lavage fluid) as well as of sIL-2R and immunoglobulins M and A (in the serum). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and/or reverse transcriptase PCR analysis showed higher levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 in the HIV-infected animals than in control hu-PBL-SCID mice, while gamma interferon levels in the two groups were comparable. When we compared the current model of HIV-1 infection at 2 weeks after the intraperitoneal injection of the hu-PBL in the SCID mice with the model described here, we found that the majority of immune dysfunctions induced in the 2-h infection of the xenochimeras are not inducible in the 2-week infection. This supports the concept that the state of activation of human cells at the moment of the in vivo infection with HIV-1 is a crucial factor in determining the immune derangement observed in AIDS patients. These results show that some immunological dysfunctions induced by HIV infection in AIDS patients can be mimicked in this xenochimeric model. Thus, the hu-PBL-SCID mouse model may be useful in exploring, in vivo, the relevance of hu-PBL activation and differentiation in HIV-1 infection and for testing therapeutic intervention directed towards either the virus or the immune system.
Starting Page	7958
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10985514
e-ISSN	10985514
Journal	Journal of Virology
Issue Number	11
Volume Number	70
Language	English
Publisher Date	1996-11-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Virology Immunology Microbiology Insect Science

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