NDLI: CD4 down-modulation during infection of human T cells with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 involves independent activities of vpu, env, and nef.

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oriP is essential for EBNA gene promoter activity in Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines.

Replication of murine coronavirus defective interfering RNA from negative-strand transcripts.

Transdominant mutants of I kappa B alpha block Tat-tumor necrosis factor synergistic activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression and virus multiplication.

The rev-responsive element negatively regulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env mRNA expression in primate cells.

The zinc finger of nucleocapsid protein of Friend murine leukemia virus is critical for proviral DNA synthesis in vivo.

Efficient lysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Epitopes exposed on hepatitis delta virus ribonucleoproteins.

Expression of tissue factor is increased in astrocytes within the central nervous system during persistent infection with borna disease virus.

Effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protein R (vpr) gene expression on basic cellular function of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Uptake of duck hepatitis B virus into hepatocytes occurs by endocytosis but does not require passage of the virus through an acidic intracellular compartment.

Trypsin activation pathway of rotavirus infectivity.

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Effects of a naturally occurring mutation in the hepatitis B virus basal core promoter on precore gene expression and viral replication.

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Characterization of a myxoma virus-encoded serpin-like protein with activity against interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme.

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Various modes of basic helix-loop-helix protein-mediated regulation of murine leukemia virus transcription in lymphoid cell lines.

Requirements for kissing-loop-mediated dimerization of human immunodeficiency virus RNA.

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Directional budding of human immunodeficiency virus from monocytes.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug susceptibility during zidovudine (AZT) monotherapy compared with AZT plus 2',3'-dideoxyinosine or AZT plus 2',3'-dideoxycytidine combination therapy. The protocol 34,225-02 Collaborative Group.

Significance of amino acid variation at human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase residue 210 for zidovudine susceptibility.

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Evidence that two latency-associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1 are nonlinear.

Effects of the route of infection on immunoglobulin G subclasses and specificity of the reovirus-specific humoral immune response.

Determination and analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of human herpesvirus.

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Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 (EBNA2) binds to a component of the human SNF-SWI complex, hSNF5/Ini1.

Characterization of a 120-Kilodalton pre-S-binding protein as a candidate duck hepatitis B virus receptor.

Mutational analysis of the envelope protein of spleen necrosis virus.

CD4 down-modulation during infection of human T cells with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 involves independent activities of vpu, env, and nef.

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Mutational analysis of the RNA triphosphatase component of vaccinia virus mRNA capping enzyme.

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Complete replication in vitro of tobacco mosaic virus RNA by a template-dependent, membrane-bound RNA polymerase.

Multivariate analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralization data.

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Localization of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 tax to subnuclear compartments that overlap with interchromatin speckles.

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Persistent poliovirus infection of human fetal brain cells.

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Possible origin of murine AIDS (MAIDS) virus: conversion of an endogenous retroviral p12gag sequence to a MAIDS-inducing sequence by frameshift mutations.

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Oral immunization with a replication-deficient recombinant vaccinia virus protects mice against influenza.

Revertant analysis of J-K mutations in the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site detects an altered leader protein.

Differential glycosylation, virion incorporation, and sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope produced from infected primary T-lymphocyte and macrophage cultures.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 membrane fusion mediated by a laboratory-adapted strain and a primary isolate analyzed by resonance energy transfer.

The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 posttranscriptional trans-activator Rex contains a nuclear export signal.

DNA double-strand break repair functions defend against parvovirus infection.

Genetics of intracisternal-A-particle-related envelope-encoding proviral elements in mice.

Relationship between viral DNA synthesis and virion envelopment in hepatitis B viruses.

Sequence analysis of the human DNA flanking sites of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration.

Interaction of the adenovirus L1 52/55-kilodalton protein with the IVa2 gene product during infection.

Proteoglycans secreted by packaging cell lines inhibit retrovirus infection.

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Protection against apoptosis by the vaccinia virus SPI-2 (B13R) gene product.

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Resistance of chimpanzee T cells to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat-enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis.

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Characterization of tumor cell lines derived from murine gammaherpesvirus-68-infected mice.

Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated transcript expression in trigeminal ganglia by in situ reverse transcriptase PCR.

In vitro establishment of lytic and nonproductive infection by herpes simplex virus type 1 in three-dimensional keratinocyte culture.

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CD4 down-modulation during infection of human T cells with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 involves independent activities of vpu, env, and nef.

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Chen, B. K. Gandhi, R. T. Baltimore, D.
Abstract	The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genes vpu, env, and nef have all been implicated in modulating the levels of cell surface CD4 on infected cells. To quantitatively assess the relative contribution of each gene product to the regulation of CD4 during HIV infection of Jurkat T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we have developed an infectious HIV reporter system which expresses different combinations of these genes. To distinguish infected cells in the early or late stages of infection from uninfected cells, these viruses were designed to express human placental alkaline phosphatase with the kinetics of either early or late viral genes. Flow cytometry to detect placental alkaline phosphatase and CD4 in infected cells showed that vpu, env, and nef are independently capable of down-modulation of CD4. As predicted by their respective expression patterns, nef down-modulated CD4 rapidly during the early phase of virus infection whereas vpu and env functioned late in the infection. In both Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a combination of the three genes was more efficient than any one or two genes, demonstrating that all three genes are required to achieve maximal CD4 down-modulation. In primary cells, down-modulation of CD4 was less efficient than in Jurkat cells and there was a stronger dependence on nef function for reducing cell surface CD4. HIV therefore has three genes that are able to independently down-modulate CD4; together, they can eliminate the bulk of cell surface CD4.
Starting Page	6044
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10985514
e-ISSN	10985514
Journal	Journal of Virology
Issue Number	9
Volume Number	70
Language	English
Publisher Date	1996-09-01
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Virology Immunology Microbiology Insect Science

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