NDLI: Lithium activates the serine/threonine kinase Akt-1 and suppresses glutamate-induced inhibition of Akt-1 activity in neurons

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Chalecka-franaszek, Elzbieta Chuang, De-maw
Copyright Year	1999
Abstract	This report describes a modulatory action of lithium and glutamate on the activity of serine/threonine kinase Akt-1. Lithium is most commonly used to treat bipolar disorder, but the mechanism of its therapeutic action remains unknown. We have recently demonstrated that lithium protects against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cultured brain neurons and in an animal model of cerebral ischemia. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of Akt-1, activated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-K) signaling pathway, in mediating glutamate excitotoxicity and lithium protection in cerebellar granule cells. High levels of phosphorylation and activity of Akt-1 were detected in cerebellar neurons cultured in the presence of serum. Protracted treatment with selective PI 3-K inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, abolished Akt-1 activity and induced neuronal death that could be reduced by long-term lithium pretreatment. Exposure of cells to glutamate induced a rapid and reversible loss of Akt-1 phosphorylation and kinase activity. These effects were closely correlated with excitotoxicity and caspase 3 activation and were prevented by phosphatase inhibitors, okadaic acid and caliculin A. Long-term lithium pretreatment suppressed glutamate-induced loss of Akt-1 activity and accelerated its recovery toward the control levels. Lithium treatment alone induced rapid increase in PI 3-K activity, and Akt-1 phosphorylation with accompanying kinase activation, which was blocked by PI 3-K inhibitors. Lithium also increased the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a downstream physiological target of Akt. Thus, modulation of Akt-1 activity appears to play a key role in the mechanism of glutamate excitotoxicity and lithium neuroprotection.
Starting Page	8745
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10916490
e-ISSN	10916490
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Issue Number	15
Volume Number	96
Language	English
Publisher	The National Academy of Sciences
Publisher Date	1999-07-20
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	The National Academy of Sciences
Subject Keyword	Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Multidisciplinary

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