NDLI: Nonlinear PCA: characterizing interactions between modes of brain activity.

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Friston, K. Phillips, J. Chawla, D. Büchel, C.
Abstract	This paper presents a nonlinear principal component analysis (PCA) that identifies underlying sources causing the expression of spatial modes or patterns of activity in neuroimaging time-series. The critical aspect of this technique is that, in relation to conventional PCA, the sources can interact to produce (second-order) spatial modes that represent the modulation of one (first-order) spatial mode by another. This nonlinear PCA uses a simple neural network architecture that embodies a specific form for the nonlinear mixing of sources that cause observed data. This form is motivated by a second-order approximation to any general nonlinear mixing and emphasizes interactions among pairs of sources. By introducing these nonlinearities principal components obtain with a unique rotation and scaling that does not depend on the biologically implausible constraints adopted by conventional PCA. The technique is illustrated by application to functional (positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging) imaging data where the ensuing first- and second-order modes can be interpreted in terms of distributed brain systems. The interactions among sources render the expression of any one mode context-sensitive, where that context is established by the expression of other modes. The examples considered include interactions between cognitive states and time (i.e. adaptation or plasticity in PET data) and among functionally specialized brain systems (using a fMRI study of colour and motion processing).
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0554
Ending Page	146
Page Count	12
Starting Page	135
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09628436
e-ISSN	14712970
Journal	Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Issue Number	1393
Volume Number	355
Language	English
Publisher Date	2000-01-29
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all) Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all) Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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