NDLI: Improved Quantitative Estimates of Low Environmental Loading and Sporadic Periparturient Shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum in Adult Beef Cattle

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Atwill, E. R. Hoar, B. Pereira, M. Das Graças Cabral Tate, K. W. Rulofson, F. Nader, G.
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	Our primary goal was to generate an accurate estimate of the daily environmental loading rate of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts for adult beef cattle, using immunomagnetic separation coupled with direct immunofluorescence microscopy for a highly sensitive diagnostic assay. An additional goal was to measure the prevalence and intensity of fecal shedding of C. parvum oocysts in pre- and postparturient cows as an indicator of their potential to infect young calves. This diagnostic method could detect with a ≥90% probability oocyst concentrations as low as 3.2 oocysts g of feces−1, with a 54% probability of detecting just one oocyst g of feces−1. Using this diagnostic method, the overall apparent prevalence of adult beef cattle testing positive for C. parvum was 7.1% (17 of 240), with 8.3 and 5.8% of cattle shedding oocysts during the pre- and postcalving periods, respectively. The mean intensity of oocyst shedding for test-positive cattle was 3.38 oocysts g of feces−1. The estimated environmental loading rate of C. parvum ranged from 3,900 to 9,200 oocysts cow−1 day−1, which is substantially less than a previous estimate of 1.7 × 105 oocysts cow−1 day−1 (range of 7.7 × 104 to 2.3 × 105 oocysts cow−1 day−1) (B. Hoar, E. R. Atwill, and T. B. Farver, Quant. Microbiol. 2:21-36, 2000). Use of this highly sensitive assay functioned to detect a greater proportion of low-intensity shedders in our population of cattle, which reduced the estimated mean intensity of shedding and thereby reduced the associated environmental loading rate compared to those of previous studies.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.8.4604-4610.2003
Ending Page	4610
Page Count	7
Starting Page	4604
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00992240
e-ISSN	10985336
Journal	Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Issue Number	8
Volume Number	69
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Date	2003-08-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology
Subject Keyword	Biotechnology Food Science Ecology Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology Food Science Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Biotechnology

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Improved Quantitative Estimates of Low Environmental Loading and Sporadic Periparturient Shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum in Adult Beef Cattle

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