NDLI: The Stigmatella aurantiaca Homolog of Myxococcus xanthus High-Mobility-Group A-Type Transcription Factor CarD: Insights into the Functional Modules of CarD and Their Distribution in Bacteria

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Cayuela, María L. Montserrat, Elías-arnanz Marcos, Peñalver-mellado Padmanabhan, S. Murillo, Francisco J.
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	Transcriptional factor CarD is the only reported prokaryotic analog of eukaryotic high-mobility-group A (HMGA) proteins, in that it has contiguous acidic and AT hook DNA-binding segments and multifunctional roles in Myxococcus xanthus carotenogenesis and fruiting body formation. HMGA proteins are small, randomly structured, nonhistone, nuclear architectural factors that remodel DNA and chromatin structure. Here we report on a second AT hook protein, CarDSa, that is very similar to CarD and that occurs in the bacterium Stigmatella aurantiaca. CarDSa has a C-terminal HMGA-like domain with three AT hooks and a highly acidic adjacent region with one predicted casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylation site, compared to the four AT hooks and five CKII sites in CarD. Both proteins have a nearly identical 180-residue N-terminal segment that is absent in HMGA proteins. In vitro, CarDSa exhibits the specific minor-groove binding to appropriately spaced AT-rich DNA that is characteristic of CarD or HMGA proteins, and it is also phosphorylated by CKII. In vivo, CarDSa or a variant without the single CKII phosphorylation site can replace CarD in M. xanthus carotenogenesis and fruiting body formation. These two cellular processes absolutely require that the highly conserved N-terminal domain be present. Thus, three AT hooks are sufficient, the N-terminal domain is essential, and phosphorylation in the acidic region by a CKII-type kinase can be dispensed with for CarD function in M. xanthus carotenogenesis and fruiting body development. Whereas a number of hypothetical proteins homologous to the N-terminal region occur in a diverse array of bacterial species, eukaryotic HMGA-type domains appear to be confined primarily to myxobacteria.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.185.12.3527-3537.2003
Ending Page	3537
Page Count	11
Starting Page	3527
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00219193
e-ISSN	10985530
Journal	Journal of Bacteriology
Issue Number	12
Volume Number	185
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Date	2003-06-15
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology
Subject Keyword	Molecular Biology Microbiology Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Molecular Biology Microbiology

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The high-mobility group A-type protein CarD of the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus as a transcription factor for several distinct vegetative genes.

Similarity between the Myxococcus xanthus and Stigmatella aurantiaca reverse transcriptase genes associated with multicopy, single-stranded DNA.

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High-Mobility-Group A-Like CarD Binds to a DNA Site Optimized for Affinity and Position and to RNA Polymerase To Regulate a Light-Inducible Promoter in Myxococcus xanthus

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Size and stability of the genomes of the myxobacteria Stigmatella aurantiaca and Stigmatella erecta.

The Myxococcus xanthus pilQ (sglA) Gene Encodes a Secretin Homolog Required for Type IV Pilus Biogenesis, Social Motility, and Development

The Stigmatella aurantiaca Homolog of Myxococcus xanthus High-Mobility-Group A-Type Transcription Factor CarD: Insights into the Functional Modules of CarD and Their Distribution in Bacteria

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