NDLI: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Gamma Interferon, but Not Hemorrhage or Pathogen Burden, Dictate Levels of Protective Fibrin Deposition during Infection

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Mullarky, Isis K. Szaba, Frank M. Berggren, Kiera N. Kummer, Lawrence W. Wilhelm, Lindsey B. Parent, Michelle A. Johnson, Lawrence L. Smiley, Stephen T.
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	While coagulation often causes pathology during infectious disease, we recently demonstrated that fibrin, a product of the coagulation pathway, performs a critical protective function during acute toxoplasmosis (L. L. Johnson, K. N. Berggren, F. M. Szaba, W. Chen, and S. T. Smiley, J. Exp. Med. 197:801-806, 2003). Here, we investigate the mechanisms regulating the formation of this protective fibrin. Through comparisons of Toxoplasma-infected wild-type and cytokine-deficient mice we dissociate, for the first time, the relative fibrin-regulating capacities of pathogen products, host cytokines, and infection-stimulated hemorrhage. Remarkably, neither the pathogen burden nor hemorrhage is a primary regulator of fibrin levels. Rather, two type 1 cytokines exert dominant and counterregulatory roles: tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), acting via the type 1 TNF-α receptor, promotes fibrin deposition, while gamma interferon (IFN-γ), acting via STAT1 and IFN-γ receptors expressed on radioresistant cells, suppresses fibrin deposition. These findings have important clinical implications, as they establish that cytokines known to regulate pathological coagulation also dictate levels of protective fibrin deposition. We present a novel model depicting mechanisms by which the immune system can destroy infected tissue while independently restraining hemorrhage and promoting tissue repair through the deliberate deposition of protective fibrin.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.74.2.1181-1188.2006
Ending Page	1188
Page Count	8
Starting Page	1181
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00199567
e-ISSN	10985522
Journal	Infection and Immunity
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	74
Language	English
Publisher	American Society for Microbiology
Publisher Date	2006-02-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	American Society for Microbiology
Subject Keyword	Immunology Microbiology Parasitology Infectious Diseases Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Infectious Diseases Parasitology Immunology Microbiology

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