Please wait, while we are loading the content...
Please wait, while we are loading the content...
| Content Provider | PubMed Central |
|---|---|
| Author | Thomas, S. A. Hume, R. I. |
| Abstract | 1. Extracellularly applied adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is known to have an excitatory action on chick skeletal muscle. By making intracellular recordings from cultured chick myotubes bathed with blockers of several types of voltage-dependent channels, the direct action of ATP could be observed. 2. When muscle cells were studied near their resting potential, ATP usually produced a biphasic response. There was a rapid initial depolarization, followed by a slower repolarization. The repolarization could drive cells negative to their initial resting potential, indicating that it was not due simply to desensitization of the process that produced the depolarization. Thus there are at least two distinct responses to ATP. 3. At room temperature the early response to ATP activated within 20 ms, and the second response activated with a latency of approximately 1 s. In our standard blocking solution, the average reversal potential of the early response was -17 mV, while the late response had a reversal potential that was negative to -70 mV. In a few cells the second response appeared to be absent. 4. The amplitude and time course of the late response were substantially decreased by low temperature (12 degrees C) and increased by high temperature (37 degrees C). In contrast, temperature had much smaller effects on the early response. Both the time course and temperature dependence of the late response suggest that an intracellular second messenger system may be involved in its activation. 5. Ion-substitution experiments were performed to determine the type of conductance changes that evoke each response. These indicated that the early response was due to an increased membrane permeability to sodium, potassium and chloride, but not to large cations or anions, and that the late response was due to an increased permeability to potassium. 6. Measurement of the responses of muscle cells to acetylcholine supported the conclusion that both anions and cations are permeable during the early ATP response. Under conditions in which there was a large negative reversal potential for all cations, and a large positive reversal potential for all anions, the early ATP response reversed approximately 50 mV positive to the acetylcholine response. 8. The possibility that the early ATP response is due to a channel selective for size, but not charge, is discussed. |
| Ending Page | 524 |
| Starting Page | 503 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14697793 |
| e-ISSN | 14697793 |
| Journal | The Journal of Physiology |
| Volume Number | 406 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher Date | 1988-12-01 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Research in Higher Education |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Physiology Sports Science |
National Digital Library of India (NDLI) is a virtual repository of learning resources which is not just a repository with search/browse facilities but provides a host of services for the learner community. It is sponsored and mentored by Ministry of Education, Government of India, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT). Filtered and federated searching is employed to facilitate focused searching so that learners can find the right resource with least effort and in minimum time. NDLI provides user group-specific services such as Examination Preparatory for School and College students and job aspirants. Services for Researchers and general learners are also provided. NDLI is designed to hold content of any language and provides interface support for 10 most widely used Indian languages. It is built to provide support for all academic levels including researchers and life-long learners, all disciplines, all popular forms of access devices and differently-abled learners. It is designed to enable people to learn and prepare from best practices from all over the world and to facilitate researchers to perform inter-linked exploration from multiple sources. It is developed, operated and maintained from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
Learn more about this project from here.
NDLI is a conglomeration of freely available or institutionally contributed or donated or publisher managed contents. Almost all these contents are hosted and accessed from respective sources. The responsibility for authenticity, relevance, completeness, accuracy, reliability and suitability of these contents rests with the respective organization and NDLI has no responsibility or liability for these. Every effort is made to keep the NDLI portal up and running smoothly unless there are some unavoidable technical issues.
Ministry of Education, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT), has sponsored and funded the National Digital Library of India (NDLI) project.
| Sl. | Authority | Responsibilities | Communication Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education |
Sanctioning Authority | https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives |
| 2 | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project | https://www.iitkgp.ac.in |
| 3 | National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project | Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in |
| 4 | Project PI / Joint PI | Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project |
Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon |
| 5 | Website/Portal (Helpdesk) | Queries regarding NDLI and its services | support@ndl.gov.in |
| 6 | Contents and Copyright Issues | Queries related to content curation and copyright issues | content@ndl.gov.in |
| 7 | National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club) | Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach | clubsupport@ndl.gov.in |
| 8 | Digital Preservation Centre (DPC) | Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books | dpc@ndl.gov.in |
| 9 | IDR Setup or Support | Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops | idr@ndl.gov.in |
|
Loading...
|