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How hyperglycemia promotes atherosclerosis: molecular mechanisms

Content Provider	PubMed Central
Author	Aronson, Doron Rayfield, Elliot J.
Copyright Year	2002
Abstract	Both type I and type II diabetes are powerful and independent risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis accounts for virtually 80% of all deaths among diabetic patients. Prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia is now recognized a major factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes. Hyperglycemia induces a large number of alterations at the cellular level of vascular tissue that potentially accelerate the atherosclerotic process. Animal and human studies have elucidated three major mechanisms that encompass most of the pathological alterations observed in the diabetic vasculature: 1) Nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins and lipids which can interfere with their normal function by disrupting molecular conformation, alter enzymatic activity, reduce degradative capacity, and interfere with receptor recognition. In addition, glycosylated proteins interact with a specific receptor present on all cells relevant to the atherosclerotic process, including monocyte-derived macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. The interaction of glycosylated proteins with their receptor results in the induction of oxidative stress and proinflammatory responses 2) oxidative stress 3) protein kinase C (PKC) activation with subsequent alteration in growth factor expression. Importantly, these mechanisms may be interrelated. For example, hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress promotes both the formation of advanced glycosylation end products and PKC activation.
Related Links	http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2840-1-1
Starting Page	1
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14752840
e-ISSN	14752840
Journal	Cardiovascular Diabetology
Volume Number	1
Language	English
Publisher	BioMed Central
Publisher Date	2002-01-01
Access Restriction	Open
Rights Holder	BioMed Central
Subject Keyword	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Research in Higher Education
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Internal Medicine Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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