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Place de la salive et des cheveux dans le dépistage d'un usage de stupéfiants en milieu professionnel
| Content Provider | Paperity |
|---|---|
| Author | Areschka, Vincent Samyn, Nele Kintz, Pascal |
| Abstract | The standard in workplace drug testing has been the immunoassay screen followed by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) confirmation conducted on a urine sample. This two-step drug testing technology is generally accepted and is embedded into a comprehensive system of workplace drug testing also allowing the use of other bodyfluids. In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional biological specimens such as saliva and hair. The main advantage of these matrices over conventional media is obviously the non-invasive collection protocol, which can be achieved under close supervision to prevent adulteration or substitution of the samples. Drugs appear in oral fluid via multiple pathways e.g. excretion from blood and contamination of the oral cavity during oral, intranasal and smoked administration. A reproducible, well-defined collection protocol is important to simplify the interpretation of quantitative results. Specific and sensitive micro-plate Enzyme immunoassays are developed for screening of oral fluid on a laboratory basis. For confirmation analysis, due to the lower sample volume available and the lower concentrations detected in saliva, in comparison to urine, very sensitive chromatographic techniques like GCMS- MS, LC-MS-MS and GC-MS-NCI should be used. A positive result from an oral fluid test can be interpreted as being attributable to recent drug use, generally within 12-24 h. Recent studies have shown that oral fluid testing for Δ-9- tetrahydrocannabinol can pick up recent use of a single dose of marihuana whereas the corresponding urine sample might be negative for 4-6 hrs after smoking. In the case of hair, the window of drug detection is dramatically extended to weeks or months which could be useful e.g. in pre-employment testing. A wide variety of drugs has been detected in hair. As for oral fluid, drug testing in hair should focus on the parent drug ; similar analytical techniques should be used for screening and confirmation. Some issues that remain partially unresolved are : the difficulty to detect recent drug use, the influence of color, ethnic origin and sex on the concentrations of some analytes, and the distinction between active use and passive exposure. A performance testing program for laboratories was initiated in the US, recently followed by the Society of Hair Testing with draft guidelines for oral fluid, sweat and hair, proposing for example meaningful cut-off values for screening and confirmation. |
| Starting Page | 33 |
| Ending Page | 42 |
| File Format | HTM / HTML |
| ISSN | 19619480 |
| DOI | 10.1051/ata/2002036 |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Journal | Annales de Toxicologie Analytique |
| Volume Number | 14 |
| e-ISSN | 19619480 |
| Language | French English |
| Publisher Date | 2009-04-08 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | revue Annales de toxicologie analytique journal edp sciences |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Toxicology |
