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| Content Provider | OECD iLibrary |
|---|---|
| Organization | OECD |
| Abstract | Les indicateurs environnementaux s’améliorent à de nombreux égards, bien que certains instruments d’action aient été modifiés à de fréquentes reprises, notamment dans les domaines qui touchent à l’énergie, où c’est au gouvernement central qu’il appartient d’élaborer et de faire respecter les décisions. Soumettre plus systématiquement les mesures, les réglementations et les investissements à des analyses coûts-avantages pourrait aider à retenir les solutions les moins onéreuses. Sous l’effet de la décentralisation, la mise en oeuvre et le contrôle de l’application de la plupart des dispositions environnementales incombent désormais aux autorités infranationales et, malgré ses multiples avantages, cette formule peut entraîner des coûts dans certains cas et ralentir la diffusion des pratiques optimales. La politique des transports et la politique énergétique présentent un certain nombre de facteurs d’inefficience, particulièrement en ce qui concerne l’application du principe pollueur-payeur, dans la mesure où l’action publique ne permet pas toujours de faire payer à tous les pollueurs les mêmes coûts marginaux pour des pollutions similaires. Innovante à certains égards, la politique concernant les déchets ménagers et les déchets d’emballage évolue, mais les progrès sont éclipsés par les crises qui se succèdent dans le Sud et qui, bien qu’exacerbées par l’implication de la criminalité organisée, résultent aussi d’un aménagement et d’une gestion défaillants. Qu’il s’agisse des déchets ou de l’alimentation en eau, un programme de privatisation améliorerait le rapport coûtefficacité de la gestion économique et environnementale, sous réserve que des organes de régulation nationaux et indépendants soient créés pour assurer l’encadrement nécessaire. |
| Page Count | 36 |
| Starting Page | 103 |
| Ending Page | 138 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | OECD Publishing |
| Publisher Date | 2011-11-24 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Economics |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Chapter |
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