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| Content Provider | OECD iLibrary |
|---|---|
| Organization | OECD |
| Abstract | Bien qu’un grand nombre de pays d’Afrique subsaharienne ait enregistré récemment une croissance économique soutenue, cette tendance ne s’est pas toujours traduite par des taux de réduction de la pauvreté satisfaisants. Ce chapitre a pour objet de montrer que le recul spectaculaire de la pauvreté en République populaire de Chine est dans une large mesure le fruit de l’expansion de la petite agriculture, et d’en dégager d’éventuels enseignements pour l’Afrique. L’expérience de la Chine souligne à quel point il importe de s’attacher en priorité à générer une croissance agricole efficace pour faire reculer la pauvreté dans les pays dont la population est essentiellement rurale, ce qui est le cas de nombreux pays africains. Elle montre toutefois qu’il faut se garder d’encourager les pauvres à abandonner la terre et l’agriculture avant d’avoir accru leur revenu, au risque de les enfermer dans la pauvreté. Il faudrait au contraire prendre des mesures destinées à accroître fortement la productivité agricole – en particulier pour les cultures alimentaires de base – et à promouvoir la diversification afin de permettre à la nombreuse population agricole de générer des excédents, d’abaisser le prix des produits alimentaires pour les consommateurs et de réduire le coût de l’expansion du secteur industriel et du secteur des services. L’essor du secteur agricole est source de matières premières, de capital et de débouchés pour l’industrie manufacturière et d’autres secteurs, et exerce donc un effet stimulant sur le développement économique en général et la création d’emplois non agricoles, facilitant ainsi l’absorption de la main-d’œuvre agricole excédentaire. Le défi pour l’Afrique consistera à prévenir certains des effets secondaires néfastes de la stratégie menée en Chine, comme la dégradation de l’environnement et le creusement des inégalités entre les zones rurale et urbaine. |
| Page Count | 9 |
| Starting Page | 103 |
| Ending Page | 111 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | OECD Publishing |
| Publisher Date | 2013-12-05 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Development |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Chapter |
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