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Smartphone-Assisted Protein to Creatinine Ratio Determination on a Single Paper-Based Analytical Device
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Izabela, Lewińska Karolina, Kurdziałek Tymecki, Łukasz |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Description | Proteinuria is a condition in which an excessive amount of protein is excreted in urine. It is, among others, an indicator of kidney disease or risk of cardiovascular disease. Rapid and reliable diagnosis and monitoring of proteinuria is of great importance for both patients and their physicians. For that reason, a paper-based sensor for proteinuria diagnosis was designed, optimized, and validated utilizing smartphone-assisted signal acquisition. In the first step, a few commonly employed protein assays were optimized and compared in terms of analytical performance on paper matrix. The tetrabromophenol blue method was selected as the one providing a sufficiently low limit of detection (39 $mg·L^{−1}$) on the one hand and appropriate long-term stability (up to 3 months) on the other hand. The optimized assay was employed for protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR) determination on a single paper-based sensor. For both analytes the linear ranges were within the clinically relevant range. The analytical usefulness of the developed sensors was demonstrated by a PCR recovery study in artificial urine. The obtained PCR recoveries were from ca. 80 to 150%. |
| Starting Page | 6282 |
| e-ISSN | 14203049 |
| DOI | 10.3390/molecules26206282 |
| Journal | Molecules |
| Issue Number | 20 |
| Volume Number | 26 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2021-10-17 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Molecules Urology and Nephrology Protein Creatinine Paper-based Analytical Devices Smartphone Albumin To Creatinine Ratio Proteinuria Tetrabromophenol Blue 3,5-dinitrobenzoic Acid |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
