NDLI: Upconversion Nanostructures Applied in Theranostic Systems

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Upconversion Nanostructures Applied in Theranostic Systems

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Lu, Chao Joulin, Etienne Tang, Howyn Pouri, Hossein Zhang, Jin
Copyright Year	2022
Description	Upconversion (UC) nanostructures, which can upconvert near-infrared (NIR) light with low energy to visible or UV light with higher energy, are investigated for theranostic applications. The surface of lanthanide (Ln)-doped UC nanostructures can be modified with different functional groups and bioconjugated with biomolecules for therapeutic systems. On the other hand, organic molecular-based UC nanostructures, by using the triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) UC mechanism, have high UC quantum yields and do not require high excitation power. In this review, the major UC mechanisms in different nanostructures have been introduced, including the Ln-doped UC mechanism and the TTA UC mechanism. The design and fabrication of Ln-doped UC nanostructures and TTA UC-based UC nanostructures for theranostic applications have been reviewed and discussed. In addition, the current progress in the application of UC nanostructures for diagnosis and therapy has been summarized, including tumor-targeted bioimaging and chemotherapy, image-guided diagnosis and phototherapy, NIR-triggered controlled drug releasing and bioimaging. We also provide insight into the development of emerging UC nanostructures in the field of theranostics.
Starting Page	9003
e-ISSN	14220067
DOI	10.3390/ijms23169003
Journal	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Issue Number	16
Volume Number	23
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2022-08-12
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	International Journal of Molecular Sciences Biomedical Engineering Upconversion Nanomaterials Theranostic System Lanthanide-doped Upconversion Nanoparticles Triplet-triplet Annihilation Upconversion Biosensing Drug Carriers Nir-triggered Drug Delivery Metal-organic Frameworks
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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