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The Geological Characteristics of the Vadose Zone Influence the Impact of Treated Wastewater on the Groundwater Quality (SCA.Re.S. Project 2019–2020)
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Giglio, Osvalda De Triggiano, Francesco Apollonio, Francesca Pousis, Chrysovalentinos Calia, Carla Diella, Giusy Bagordo, Francesco Murgolo, Sapia Grassi, Tiziana Ceglie, Cristina De Brigida, Silvia Rosa, Giuseppina La Mancini, Pamela Ferraro, Giusy Bonanno Donno, Antonella De Mascolo, Giuseppe Caputo, Maria Clementina Montagna, Maria Teresa |
| Copyright Year | 2022 |
| Description | This study evaluated whether some chemical and microbial contaminants in treated sewage effluents from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) reached the groundwater when they drained through a fractured karst vadose zone (WWTP-K) and a porous vadose zone (WWTP-P). Forty-five samples of sewage water (SW), treated water (TW), and monitoring well (MW), collected from WWTP-P (24) and WWTP-K (21), were analyzed for a range of microbiological and chemical properties. The E. coli and Salmonella counts were below the limits outlined in the Legislative Decree 152/06 in effluents from both types of WWTP. Enteric viruses were found in 37.5% and 12.5% of the SW and TW from WWTP-P, respectively. The percentages of Pepper mild mottle virus isolated were higher in TW (62.5% in WWTP-P, 85.7% in WWTP-K) than in SW and MW. The residual concentrations of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) of each drug category were higher in the MW downstream of WWTP-K than of WWTP-P. Our results showed that the porous vadose zone was more effective at reducing the contaminant loads than the fractured karst one, especially the CEC, in the effluent. The legislation should include other parameters to minimize the risks from treated effluent that is discharged to soil. |
| Starting Page | 677 |
| e-ISSN | 20760817 |
| DOI | 10.3390/pathogens11060677 |
| Journal | Pathogens |
| Issue Number | 6 |
| Volume Number | 11 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2022-06-11 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Pathogens Water Science and Technology Wastewater Treatment Plant Groundwater Contaminants of Emerging Concern Chemicals Enteric Viruses Porous Aquifer Karst Aquifer |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
