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Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health among the General Public: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study in China
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Shi, Le Lu, Zheng-An Que, Jian-Yu Huang, Xiao-Lin Lu, Qing-Dong Liu, Lin Zheng, Yong-Bo Liu, Wei-Jian Ran, Mao-Sheng Yuan, Kai Yan, Wei Sun, Yan-Kun Sun, Si-Wei Shi, Jie Kosten, Thomas Bao, Yan-Ping Lu, Lin |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Description | COVID-19 might have long-term mental health impacts. We aim to investigate the longitudinal changes in mental problems from initial COVID-19 peak to its aftermath among general public in China. Depression, anxiety and insomnia were assessed among a large-sample nationwide cohort of 10,492 adults during the initial COVID-19 peak (28 February 2020 to 11 March 2020) and its aftermath (8 July 2020 to 8 August 2020) using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Insomnia Severity Index. We used generalized estimating equations and linear mixed models to explore factors associated with long-term mental health symptoms during COVID-19. During the five months, mental health symptoms remained consistently elevated (baseline 46.4%; follow-up 45.1%). Long-term depression, anxiety and insomnia were associated with several personal and work-related factors including quarantine (adjusted OR for any mental health symptoms 1.31, 95%CI 1.22–1.41, p < 0.001), increases in work burden after resuming work (1.77, 1.65–1.90, p < 0.001), occupational exposure risk to COVID-19 (1.26, 1.14–1.40, p < 0.001) and living in places severely affected by initial COVID-19 peak (1.21, 1.04–1.41, p = 0.01) or by a COVID-19 resurgence (1.38, 1.26–1.50, p < 0.001). Compliance with self-protection measures, such as wearing face masks (0.74, 0.61–0.90, p = 0.003), was associated with lower long-term risk of mental problems. The findings reveal a pronounced and prolonged mental health burden from the initial COVID-19 peak through to its aftermath in China. We should regularly monitor the mental health status of vulnerable populations throughout COVID-19. |
| Starting Page | 8790 |
| e-ISSN | 16604601 |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijerph18168790 |
| Journal | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
| Issue Number | 16 |
| Volume Number | 18 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2021-08-20 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Biomedical Social Sciences Covid-19 Mental Health Longitudinal China |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
