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Electrodeposition of Indium from an Ionic Liquid Investigated by In Situ Electrochemical XPS
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Oliver, Höfft Liu, Zhen Cheng, Jun Endres, Frank |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Description | The electrochemical behavior and electrodeposition of indium in an electrolyte composed of 0.1 mol/L $InCl_{3}$ in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide $([Py_{1,4}$]TFSI) on a gold electrode were investigated. The cyclic voltammogram revealed several reduction and oxidation peaks, indicating a complex electrochemical behavior. In the cathodic regime, with the formation of an In-Au alloy, the reduction of In(III) to In(I) and of In(I) to In(0) takes place. In situ electrochemical X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to investigate the reduction process by monitoring the oxidation states of the components during the cathodic polarization of 0.1 mol/L $InCl_{3}/[Py_{1,4}$]TFSI on a gold working electrode under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. The core electron binding energies of the IL components (C 1s, O 1s, F 1s, N 1s, and S 2p) shift almost linearly to more negative values as a function of the applied cell voltage. At −2.0 V versus Pt-quasi reference, In(I) was identified as the intermediate species during the reduction process. In the anodic regime, a strong increase in the pressure in the XPS chamber was recorded at a cell voltage of more than −0.5 V versus Pt quasi reference, which indicated, in addition to the oxidation reactions of In species, that the oxidation of $Cl^{−}$ occurs. Ex situ XPS and XRD results revealed the formation of metallic In and of an In-Au alloy. |
| Starting Page | 59 |
| e-ISSN | 20754701 |
| DOI | 10.3390/met12010059 |
| Journal | Metals |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| Volume Number | 12 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2021-12-27 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Metals Analytical Chemistry Electrochemistry Ionic Liquid Indium Electrodeposition in Situ Xps In-au Alloy |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
