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Production of Bio-Based Pigments from Food Processing Industry By-Products (Apple, Pomegranate, Black Carrot, Red Beet Pulps) Using Aspergillus carbonarius
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Laurent, Dufossé Arikan, Ezgi Bezirhan Canli, Oltan Caro, Yanis Dizge, Nadir |
| Copyright Year | 2020 |
| Description | Food processing industry by-products (apple, pomegranate, black carrot, and red beet pulps) were evaluated as raw materials in pigment production by the filamentous fungi Aspergillus carbonarius. The effect of fermentation conditions (solid and submerged-state), incubation period (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 d), initial substrate pH (4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5, and 8.5), and pulp particle size (4 mm) on fungal pigment production were tested to optimize the conditions. Pigment extraction analysis carried out under solid-state fermentation conditions showed that the maximum pigment production was determined as 9.21 ± 0.59 absorbance unit at the corresponding wavelength per gram (AU/g) dry fermented mass (dfm) for pomegranate pulp (PP) by A. carbonarius for 5 d. Moreover, the highest pigment production was obtained as 61.84 ± 2.16 AU/g dfm as yellowish brown at initial pH 6.5 with < 1.4 mm of substrate particle size for 15-d incubation period. GC×GC-TOFMS results indicate that melanin could be one of the main products as a pigment. SEM images showed that melanin could localize on the conidia of A. carbonarius. |
| Starting Page | 240 |
| e-ISSN | 2309608X |
| DOI | 10.3390/jof6040240 |
| Journal | Journal of Fungi |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| Volume Number | 6 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2020-10-22 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Journal of Fungi Paper and Wood Aspergillus Carbonarius Bioconversion Food Processing Industry By-product Valorization Filamentous Fungi Bio-based Pigment |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
