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Small Immunomodulatory Molecules as Potential Therapeutics in Experimental Murine Models of Acute Lung Injury (ALI)/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Shah, Dilip Das, Pragnya Acharya, Suchismita Agarwal, Beamon Christensen, Dale Robertson, Stella Bhandari, Vineet |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Description | Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) or its most advanced form, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe inflammatory pulmonary process triggered by a variety of insults including sepsis, viral or bacterial pneumonia, and mechanical ventilator-induced trauma. Currently, there are no effective therapies available for ARDS. We have recently reported that a novel small molecule AVR-25 derived from chitin molecule (a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine) showed anti-inflammatory effects in the lungs. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of two chitin-derived compounds, AVR-25 and AVR-48, in multiple mouse models of ALI/ARDS. We further determined the safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of the lead compound AVR-48 in rats. Methods: ALI in mice was induced by intratracheal instillation of a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 µg) for 24 h or exposed to hyperoxia (100% oxygen) for 48 h or undergoing cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) procedure and observation for 10 days. Results: Both chitin derivatives, AVR-25 and AVR-48, showed decreased neutrophil recruitment and reduced inflammation in the lungs of ALI mice. Further, AVR-25 and AVR-48 mediated diminished lung inflammation was associated with reduced expression of lung adhesion molecules with improvement in pulmonary endothelial barrier function, pulmonary edema, and lung injury. Consistent with these results, CLP-induced sepsis mice treated with AVR-48 showed a significant increase in survival of the mice (80%) and improved lung histopathology in the treated CLP group. AVR-48, the lead chitin derivative compound, demonstrated a good safety profile. Conclusion: Both AVR-25 and AVR-48 demonstrate the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents to treat ALI/ARDS. |
| Starting Page | 2573 |
| e-ISSN | 14220067 |
| DOI | 10.3390/ijms22052573 |
| Journal | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Issue Number | 5 |
| Volume Number | 22 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2021-03-04 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | International Journal of Molecular Sciences Respiratory System Lung Inflammation Acute Lung Injury Pulmonary Edema Sepsis Avr-25 Avr-48 |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
