NDLI: Giant Magnetoresistance and Magneto-Thermopower in 3D Interconnected $Ni_{x}Fe_{1−x}$/Cu Multilayered Nanowire Networks

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Giant Magnetoresistance and Magneto-Thermopower in 3D Interconnected $Ni_{x}Fe_{1−x}$/Cu Multilayered Nanowire Networks

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Marchal, Nicolas Gomes, Tristan Da Câmara Santa Clara Araujo, Flavio Abreu Piraux, Luc
Copyright Year	2021
Abstract	The versatility of the template-assisted electrodeposition technique to fabricate complex three-dimensional networks made of interconnected nanowires allows one to easily stack ferromagnetic and non-magnetic metallic layers along the nanowire axis. This leads to the fabrication of unique multilayered nanowire network films showing giant magnetoresistance effect in the current-perpendicular-to-plane configuration that can be reliably measured along the macroscopic in-plane direction of the films. Moreover, the system also enables reliable measurements of the analogous magneto-thermoelectric properties of the multilayered nanowire networks. Here, three-dimensional interconnected Ni $_{x}$ Fe $_{1 - x}$ /Cu multilayered nanowire networks (with $0.60 \leq x \leq 0.97$ ) are fabricated and characterized, leading to large magnetoresistance and magneto-thermopower ratios up to 17% and −25% in Ni $_{80}$ Fe $_{20}$ /Cu, respectively. A strong contrast is observed between the amplitudes of magnetoresistance and magneto-thermoelectric effects depending on the Ni content of the NiFe alloys. In particular, for the highest Ni concentrations, a strong increase in the magneto-thermoelectric effect is observed, more than a factor of 7 larger than the magnetoresistive effect for Ni $_{97}$ Fe $_{3}$ /Cu multilayers. This sharp increase is mainly due to an increase in the spin-dependent Seebeck coefficient from −7 µV/K for the Ni $_{60}$ Fe $_{40}$ /Cu and Ni $_{70}$ Fe $_{30}$ /Cu nanowire arrays to −21 µV/K for the Ni $_{97}$ Fe $_{3}$ /Cu nanowire array. The enhancement of the magneto-thermoelectric effect for multilayered nanowire networks based on dilute Ni alloys is promising for obtaining a flexible magnetic switch for thermoelectric generation for potential applications in heat management or logic devices using thermal energy.
Starting Page	1133
e-ISSN	20794991
DOI	10.3390/nano11051133
Journal	Nanomaterials
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2021-04-27
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Nanomaterials 3d Nanowire Networks Giant Magnetoresistance Spin Caloritronics Flexible Thermoelectrics Nickel-iron Alloys
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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