NDLI: Natural Organic Matter Removal from Raw Surface Water: Benchmarking Performance of Chemical Coagulants through Excitation-Emission Fluorescence Matrix Spectroscopy Analysis

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Natural Organic Matter Removal from Raw Surface Water: Benchmarking Performance of Chemical Coagulants through Excitation-Emission Fluorescence Matrix Spectroscopy Analysis

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Go, Raymond Yang, Hui-Ling Kan, Chi-Chuan Ong, Dennis Garcia-Segura, Sergi de Luna, Mark
Copyright Year	2021
Description	Chemical disinfection of surface waters has been proven effective in minimizing the risk of contamination by water-borne pathogens. However, surface waters contain natural organic matter (NOM) which, upon chemical disinfection, is readily converted into hazardous disinfection-by-products. Hence, NOM removal from these waters is critical. Chemical coagulation is a readily implementable technology to minimize these undesired side-effects by NOM removal. Herein, capabilities of ferric chloride $(FeCl_{3}$) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) as pre-treatment for NOM abatement from natural raw surface water have been benchmarked. Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix (EEM) spectroscopy characterization of NOM fractions demonstrated high removal efficiency. A two-level full factorial design was employed to analyze the effects of coagulant dosage and initial pH on the removal of turbidity, humic acid-like substances and fulvic acid-like substances from the raw water. Higher removal of ~77% NOM was attained with PACl than with $FeCl_{3}$ (~72%). Optimization through response surface methodology showed that the initial pH—coagulant dosage interaction was significant in removing NOM and turbidity for both PACl and $FeCl_{3}$. These results identify the opportunity for coagulation technologies to prevent and minimize disinfection-by-products formation through NOM removal.
Starting Page	146
e-ISSN	20734441
DOI	10.3390/w13020146
Journal	Water
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	13
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2021-01-10
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Water Coagulation Excitation-emission Fluorescence Matrix Full Factorial Design Natural Organic Matter Physical Water Treatment Raw Surface Water
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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