NDLI: Differential Effects of Whole Red Raspberry Polyphenols and Their Gut Metabolite Urolithin A on Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia

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Differential Effects of Whole Red Raspberry Polyphenols and Their Gut Metabolite Urolithin A on Neuroinflammation in BV-2 Microglia

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Toney, Ashley Mulcahy Albusharif, Mahaa Polenz, Luke Schlange, Stacie Chaidez, Virginia Ramer-Tait, Amanda E. Chung, Soonkyu
Copyright Year	2020
Description	Whole red raspberry polyphenols (RRW), including ellagic acid, and their gut-derived metabolite, urolithin A (UroA), attenuate inflammation and confer health benefits. Although results from recent studies indicate that polyphenols and UroA also provide neuroprotective effects, these compounds differ in their bioavailability and may, therefore, have unique effects on limiting neuroinflammation. Accordingly, we aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects of RRW and UroA on BV-2 microglia under both 3 h and 12 and 24 h inflammatory conditions. In inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ATP stimulation after 3 h, RRW and UroA suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and regulated the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway. UroA also reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and promoted M2 microglial polarization. During inflammatory conditions induced by either 12 or 24 h stimulation with LPS, UroA—but not RRW—dampened pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and suppressed JNK/c-Jun signaling. Taken together, these results demonstrate that RRW and its gut-derived metabolite UroA differentially regulate neuroprotective responses in microglia during 3 h versus 12 and 24 h inflammatory conditions.
Starting Page	68
e-ISSN	16604601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph18010068
Journal	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Issue Number	1
Volume Number	18
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2020-12-24
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Toxicology Red Raspberry Polyphenols Urolithin A Ellagic Acid Neuroinflammation Microglia Inflammation Jnk
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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