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Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Alsayari, Abdulrhman Muhsinah, Abdullatif Almaghaslah, Dalia Annadurai, Sivakumar Wahab, Shadma |
| Copyright Year | 2021 |
| Description | Respiratory tract infections are underestimated, as they are mild and generally not incapacitating. In clinical medicine, however, these infections are considered a prevalent problem. By 2030, the third most comprehensive reason for death worldwide will be chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to the World Health Organization. The current arsenal of anti-inflammatory drugs shows little or no benefits against COPD. For thousands of years, herbal drugs have been used to cure numerous illnesses; they exhibit promising results and enhance physical performance. Ginseng is one such herbal medicine, known to alleviate pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8) formed by macrophages and epithelial cells. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of ginsenoside are still not fully understood. Various clinical trials of ginseng have exhibited a reduction of repeated colds and the flu. In this review, ginseng’s structural features, the pathogenicity of microbial infections, and the immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti-bacterial effects of ginseng were discussed. The focus was on the latest animal studies and human clinical trials that corroborate ginseng’s role as a therapy for treating respiratory tract infections. The article concluded with future directions and significant challenges. This review would be a valuable addition to the knowledge base for researchers in understanding the promising role of ginseng in treating respiratory tract infections. Further analysis needs to be re-focused on clinical trials to study ginseng’s efficacy and safety in treating pathogenic infections and in determining ginseng-drug interactions. |
| Starting Page | 4095 |
| e-ISSN | 14203049 |
| DOI | 10.3390/molecules26134095 |
| Journal | Molecules |
| Issue Number | 13 |
| Volume Number | 26 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2021-07-05 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Molecules Integrative and Complementary Medicine Ginseng Respiratory Tract Infection Immuno-modulatory Effects Cytokines Antiviral Activity Antibacterial Activity |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
