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Crocodile Oil Modulates Inflammation and Immune Responses in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Ngernjan, Metas Ontawong, Atcharaporn Lailerd, Narissara Mengamphan, Kriangsak Sarapirom, Sureeporn Amornlerdpison, Doungporn |
| Copyright Year | 2022 |
| Description | Crocodile oil (CO) is generated from the fatty tissues of crocodiles as a by-product of commercial aquaculture. CO is extensively applied in the treatment of illnesses including asthma, emphysema, skin ulcers, and cancer, as well as wound healing. Whether CO has anti-inflammatory properties and encourages an immune response remains uncertain. The impact of CO on inflammatory conditions in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the mechanisms behind it were examined in this work. Cells were treated with 0.125–2% CO dissolved in 0.5% propylene glycol with or without LPS. The production and expression of inflammatory cytokines and mediators were also examined in this research. CO reduced the synthesis and gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Consistently, CO inhibited the expression and synthesis of inflammatory markers including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide (NO), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Furthermore, CO reduced the effects of DNA damage. CO also increased the cell-cycle regulators, cyclins D2 and E2, which improved the immunological response. CO might thus be produced as a nutraceutical supplement to help avoid inflammatory diseases. |
| Starting Page | 3784 |
| e-ISSN | 14203049 |
| DOI | 10.3390/molecules27123784 |
| Journal | Molecules |
| Issue Number | 12 |
| Volume Number | 27 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2022-06-12 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Molecules Anti-inflammatory Crocodile Oil Dna Damage Immune Response Inflammatory Cytokine |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
