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Estimating Ground Elevation and Vegetation Characteristics in Coastal Salt Marshes Using UAV-Based LiDAR and Digital Aerial Photogrammetry
Content Provider | MDPI |
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Author | Pinton, Daniele Canestrelli, Alberto Wilkinson, Benjamin Ifju, Peter Ortega, Andrew |
Copyright Year | 2021 |
Description | This study evaluates the skills of two types of drone-based point clouds, derived from LiDAR and photogrammetric techniques, in estimating ground elevation, vegetation height, and vegetation density on a highly vegetated salt marsh. The proposed formulation is calibrated and tested using data measured on a Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh in Little Sapelo Island, USA. The method produces high-resolution (ground sampling distance = 0.40 m) maps of ground elevation and vegetation characteristics and captures the large gradients in the proximity of tidal creeks. Our results show that LiDAR-based techniques provide more accurate reconstructions of marsh vegetation (height: $MAE_{VH}$ = 12.6 cm and $RMSE_{VH}$ = 17.5 cm; density: $MAE_{VD}$ = 6.9 stems $m^{−2}$ and $RMSE_{VD}$ = 9.4 stems $m^{−2}$) and morphology $(MAE_{M}$ = 4.2 cm; $RMSE_{M}$ = 5.9 cm) than Digital Aerial Photogrammetry (DAP) $(MAE_{VH}$ = 31.1 cm; $RMSE_{VH}$ = 38.1 cm; $MAE_{VD}$ = 12.7 stems $m^{−2}$; $RMSE_{VD}$ = 16.6 stems $m^{−2}$; $MAE_{M}$ = 11.3 cm; $RMSE_{M}$ = 17.2 cm). The accuracy of the classification procedure for vegetation calculation negligibly improves when RGB images are used as input parameters together with the LiDAR-UAV point cloud $(MAE_{VH}$ = 6.9 cm; $RMSE_{VH}$ = 9.4 cm; $MAE_{VD}$ = 10.0 stems $m^{−2}$; $RMSE_{VD}$ = 14.0 stems $m^{−2}$). However, it improves when used together with the DAP-UAV point cloud $(MAE_{VH}$ = 21.7 cm; $RMSE_{VH}$ = 25.8 cm; $MAE_{VD}$ = 15.2 stems $m^{−2}$; $RMSE_{VD}$ = 18.7 stems $m^{−2}$). Thus, we discourage using DAP-UAV-derived point clouds for high-resolution vegetation mapping of coastal areas, if not coupled with other data sources. |
Starting Page | 4506 |
e-ISSN | 20724292 |
DOI | 10.3390/rs13224506 |
Journal | Remote Sensing |
Issue Number | 22 |
Volume Number | 13 |
Language | English |
Publisher | MDPI |
Publisher Date | 2021-11-09 |
Access Restriction | Open |
Subject Keyword | Remote Sensing Salt Marshes Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (uav) Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) Digital Aerial Photogrammetry (dap) Ground Elevation Vegetation Height Vegetation Density Land Cover |
Content Type | Text |
Resource Type | Article |