NDLI: In Situ Modification of $CaF_{2}-SiO_{2}-Al_{2}O_{3}$-MgO Flux Applied in the Aluminium-Assisted Transfer of Titanium in the Submerged Arc Welding of Carbon Steel: Process Mineralogy and Thermochemical Analysis

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In Situ Modification of $CaF_{2}-SiO_{2}-Al_{2}O_{3}$-MgO Flux Applied in the Aluminium-Assisted Transfer of Titanium in the Submerged Arc Welding of Carbon Steel: Process Mineralogy and Thermochemical Analysis

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Coetsee, Theresa Bruin, Frederik De
Copyright Year	2022
Description	Flux formulations are specified to target chemical and physico-chemical parameters. Chemical parameters set flux element transfer behaviours and weld metal oxygen contents. Physico-chemical parameters such as slag viscosity, surface tension and melting range are targeted to ensure an acceptable weld bead profile and surface appearance. Slag detachability is an important physico-chemical property required to ensure high welding productivity, smooth weld bead surface and no slag entrapment. Here, bead-on-plate welding tests were made with and without metal powder additions, including aluminium powder as a de-oxidiser. Difficult slag detachability was observed in weld runs made with metal powder additions. Mineralogy of the post-weld slags, and thermochemical calculations, show that the flux was modified due to the aluminothermic reduction of MnO and $SiO_{2}$ from the slag to form alumina. Increased quantities of spinel phase were identified in the post-weld slag samples, at the weld pool–slag interface. The combined effect of increased slag viscosity, from increased spinel in the slag, and lowered weld pool solidus temperature, resulted in the formation of a rough bead surface morphology, which, in turn, caused mechanical fixation of the slag to the weld bead. Flux modification to higher $CaF_{2}$ content should ensure that higher quantities of spinel phase can be tolerated in the slag.
Starting Page	604
e-ISSN	2075163X
DOI	10.3390/min12050604
Journal	Minerals
Issue Number	5
Volume Number	12
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2022-05-11
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Minerals Manufacturing Engineering Slag Flux Phase Chemistry Fluoride Spinel Mineralogy Oxy-fluoride Glass
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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