NDLI: Progress on Modified Calcium Oxide Derived Waste-Shell Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

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Progress on Modified Calcium Oxide Derived Waste-Shell Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Ooi, Hui Koh, Xin Ong, Hwai Lee, Hwei Mastuli, Mohd Taufiq-Yap, Yun Alharthi, Fahad Alghamdi, Abdulaziz Mijan, Nurul Asikin
Copyright Year	2021
Description	The dwindling of global petroleum deposits and worsening environmental issues have triggered researchers to find an alternative energy such as biodiesel. Biodiesel can be produced via transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat with alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. A heterogeneous catalyst at an economical price has been studied widely for biodiesel production. It was noted that various types of natural waste shell are a potential calcium resource for generation of bio-based CaO, with comparable chemical characteristics, that greatly enhance the transesterification activity. However, CaO catalyzed transesterification is limited in its stability and studies have shown deterioration of catalytic reactivity when the catalyst is reused for several cycles. For this reason, different approaches are reviewed in the present study, which focuses on modification of waste-shell derived CaO based catalyst with the aim of better transesterification reactivity and high reusability of the catalyst for biodiesel production. The catalyst stability and leaching profile of the modified waste shell derived CaO is discussed. In addition, a critical discussion of the structure, composition of the waste shell, mechanism of CaO catalyzed reaction, recent progress in biodiesel reactor systems and challenges in the industrial sector are also included in this review.
Starting Page	194
e-ISSN	20734344
DOI	10.3390/catal11020194
Journal	Catalysts
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2021-02-02
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Catalysts Paper and Wood Biodiesel Transesterification Waste-shell Heterogenous Catalyst Green Catalyst Alternative Fuel
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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