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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Attenuates Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus-Induced Apoptosis in IPEC-J2 Cells via Inhibiting ROS-Mediated $P_{38}$MAPK Signaling Pathway
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Pu, Junning Chen, Daiwen Tian, Gang He, Jun Huang, Zhiqing Zheng, Ping Mao, Xiangbing Yu, Jie Luo, Junqiu Luo, Yuheng Yan, Hui Yu, Bing |
| Copyright Year | 2022 |
| Description | Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) can cause diarrhea, dehydration, and high mortality in piglets, which is closely related to intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis caused by TGEV infection. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is the active metabolite of vitamin A, which has antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, it is unknown whether ATRA can attenuate TGEV-induced IPEC-J2 cells apoptosis. Therefore, we investigated the protective effects of ATRA on TGEV-induced apoptosis of IPEC-J2 cells and explored the potential molecular mechanism. Our results indicated that TGEV infection caused IPEC-J2 cells damage and apoptosis. However, ATRA treatment attenuated TGEV-induced IPEC-J2 cells damage by upregulating the mRNA expressions of ZO-1, Occludin, and Mucin-1. ATRA treatment also attenuated TGEV-induced apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells by downregulating the expression of Caspase-3, which is related to the inhibition of death receptor (Fas and Caspase-8) and mitochondrial (Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-9) pathways. Moreover, ATRA treatment prevented TGEV-induced ROS and MDA production and the upregulation of $P_{38}$MAPK phosphorylation level, which is related to the increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and T-AOC) and the mRNA abundance of antioxidant-related genes (GPX1, GPX2, SOD1, CAT, GCLC, and GCLM). In addition, treatment of TGEV-infected IPEC-J2 cells with the ROS inhibitors (NAC) significantly reduced the protein levels of $p-P_{38}$MAPK, Fas, Bax, and Cleaved-caspase-3 and the percentage of apoptotic cells. Our results indicated that ATRA attenuated TGEV-induced apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells via improving the antioxidant capacity, thereby inhibiting the cell damage. the mechanism of which is associated with the inhibition of ROS-mediated $P_{38}$MAPK signaling pathway. |
| Starting Page | 345 |
| e-ISSN | 20763921 |
| DOI | 10.3390/antiox11020345 |
| Journal | Antioxidants |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| Volume Number | 11 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2022-02-10 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Antioxidants Integrative and Complementary Medicine All-trans Retinoic Acid Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Apoptosis Oxidative Stress Ros/p38mapk Pathway Ipec-j2 Cells |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
