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Psychological Impact of the Quarantine-Induced Stress during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak among Italian Athletes
Content Provider | MDPI |
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Author | Cagno, Alessandra Di Buonsenso, Andrea Baralla, Francesca Grazioli, Elisa Martino, Giulia Di Lecce, Edoardo Calcagno, Giuseppe Fiorilli, Giovanni |
Copyright Year | 2020 |
Description | The 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak caused home confinement, as well as training and sport competitions withdrawals. The prolonged inactivity impact, and lack of in-person interactions among teammates-coaches, could negatively affect athletes. Total of 1508 self-selected Italian athletes, 338 children (aged 10.52 ± 1.31), 499 adolescents (aged 14.17 ± 1.13), and 671 adults (aged 27.59 ± 10.73), completed the Impact of Event Scale (IES-8, IES-15, and IES-R, respectively). Differences by gender, type of sport (individual vs. team), and competitive level (elite vs. amateur) were examined. One-way ANOVAs showed, in adults, significant differences between genders for perceived stress impact total score (TS; p = 0.017) and avoidance behavior, with higher scores in women (p = 0.045). Between individual and team sport, significant differences were found in TS (p = 0.038) and hyperarousal (p = 0.030), with higher results in individual. Adult elite athletes showed significantly higher scores in hyperarousal (p = 0.020) than amateurs. Significant differences were found between gender in adolescents for avoidance (p = 0.011), and between competitive levels in children, for intrusion (p = 0.020). These evidences may raise awareness on distress effects of COVID-19 lockdown among athletes and suggested applying specific well-being protocols during the activity resumption, considering gender, type of sport, and competitive level. |
Starting Page | 8867 |
e-ISSN | 16604601 |
DOI | 10.3390/ijerph17238867 |
Journal | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
Issue Number | 23 |
Volume Number | 17 |
Language | English |
Publisher | MDPI |
Publisher Date | 2020-11-28 |
Access Restriction | Open |
Subject Keyword | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Biomedical Social Sciences Pandemic Covid-19 Restrictions Sport Psychological Distress Adaptation Process |
Content Type | Text |
Resource Type | Article |