NDLI: The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors—A Review of Literature

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The Effect of Hypoxia on the Expression of CXC Chemokines and CXC Chemokine Receptors—A Review of Literature

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Barbara, Gawrońska-Szklarz Korbecki, Jan Kojder, Klaudyna Kapczuk, Patrycja Kupnicka, Patrycja Gutowska, Izabela Chlubek, Dariusz Baranowska-Bosiacka, Irena
Copyright Year	2021
Description	Hypoxia is an integral component of the tumor microenvironment. Either as chronic or cycling hypoxia, it exerts a similar effect on cancer processes by activating hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and nuclear factor (NF-κB), with cycling hypoxia showing a stronger proinflammatory influence. One of the systems affected by hypoxia is the CXC chemokine system. This paper reviews all available information on hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of all CXC chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL4, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 (SDF-1), CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCL15, CXCL16, CXCL17) as well as CXC chemokine receptors—CXCR1, CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4, CXCR5, CXCR6, CXCR7 and CXCR8. First, we present basic information on the effect of these chemoattractant cytokines on cancer processes. We then discuss the effect of hypoxia-induced changes on CXC chemokine expression on the angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and recruitment of various cells to the tumor niche, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Finally, the review summarizes data on the use of drugs targeting the CXC chemokine system in cancer therapies.
Starting Page	843
e-ISSN	14220067
DOI	10.3390/ijms22020843
Journal	International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Issue Number	2
Volume Number	22
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2021-01-15
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	International Journal of Molecular Sciences Pathology Cxc Chemokine Cancer Tumor Hypoxia Hypoxia-inducible Factor Cycling Hypoxia Hif-1 Nf-κb Sdf-1 Il-8
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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