NDLI: An Ultra-Low Temperature Transcritical R744 Refrigeration System for Future Detectors at CERN LHC

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An Ultra-Low Temperature Transcritical R744 Refrigeration System for Future Detectors at CERN LHC

Content Provider	MDPI
Author	Barroca, Pierre Hafner, Armin Verlaat, Bart Petagna, Paolo Hulek, Wojciech Zwalinski, Lukasz Hanf, Pierre Battistin, Michele Davoine, Loic Teixeira, Daniella
Copyright Year	2021
Description	The cooling systems of the future tracking detectors of the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will be entirely based on $CO_{2}$ refrigeration technology. The system is a booster refrigeration system, composed of a two stage primary part with transcritical R744 equipment and a low temperature secondary $CO_{2}$ pumped loop. The primary refrigeration sub-system installed on surface provides cold R744 at $-53$ $\circC$ to the $CO_{2}$ pumped loops installed 100 m underground and rejects the heat exchanged. The process must be reliable and remain stable regardless of the amount of heat exchanged, which will amount to hundreds of kilowatts and is expected to vary throughout the lifetime of the detectors. The paper discusses the concept adopted for the innovative transcritical R744 cycle and describes the technical details of the first prototype built.
Starting Page	7399
e-ISSN	20763417
DOI	10.3390/app11167399
Journal	Applied Sciences
Issue Number	16
Volume Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	MDPI
Publisher Date	2021-08-11
Access Restriction	Open
Subject Keyword	Applied Sciences Energy and Fuel Technology Cern Refrigeration R744 Particle Trackers
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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