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Techno-Economic Evaluation of Hand Sanitiser Production Using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Based Bioethanol by Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) Process
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Harahap, Andre Fahriz Perdana Panjaitan, Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan Curie, Catia Angli Ramadhan, Muhammad Yusuf Arya Srinophakun, Penjit Gozan, Misri |
| Copyright Year | 2020 |
| Description | Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is a potential raw material abundantly available for bioethanol production. However, the second-generation bioethanol is still not yet economically feasible. The COVID-19 pandemic increases the demand for ethanol as the primary ingredient of hand sanitisers. This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of hand sanitiser production using OPEFB-based bioethanol. OPEFB was alkaline-pretreated, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was then performed by adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae and cellulose enzyme. The cellulose content of the OPEFB increased from 39.30% to 63.97% after pretreatment. The kinetic parameters of the OPEFB SSF at 35 °C, which included a µmax, ks, and kd of 0.018 h-1, 0.025 g/dm3, and 0.213 h-1, respectively, were used as input in SuperPro Designer® v9.0. The total capital investment (TCI) and annual operating costs (AOC) of the plant were $645,000 and $305,000, respectively, at the capacity of 2000 kg OPEFB per batch. The batch time of the modelled plant was 219 h, with a total annual production of 32,506.16 kg hand sanitiser. The minimum hand sanitiser selling price was found to be $10/L, achieving a positive net present value (NPV) of $108,000, showing that the plant is economically feasible. |
| Starting Page | 5987 |
| e-ISSN | 20763417 |
| DOI | 10.3390/app10175987 |
| Journal | Applied Sciences |
| Issue Number | 17 |
| Volume Number | 10 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2020-08-29 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Applied Sciences Paper and Wood Bioethanol Economic Analysis Hand Sanitiser Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (opefb) Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Superpro Designer® |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
