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Biorefinery Processing of Waste to Supply Cost-Effective and Sustainable Inputs for Two-Stage Microalgal Cultivation
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Wensel, Pierre C. Bule, Mahesh Gao, Allan Pelaez-Samaniego, Manuel Raul Yu, Liang Hiscox, William Helms, Gregory L. Davis, William C. Kirchhoff, Helmut Garcia-Perez, Manuel Chen, Shulin |
| Copyright Year | 2022 |
| Abstract | Overcoming obstacles to commercialization of algal-based processes for biofuels and co-products requires not just piecemeal incremental improvements, but rather a comprehensive and fundamental re-consideration starting with the selected algae and its associated cultivation, harvesting, biomass conversion, and refinement. A novel two-stage process designed to address challenges of mass outdoor microalgal cultivation for biofuels and co-products was previously demonstrated using an oleaginous, haloalkaline-tolerant, and multi-trophic green Chlorella vulgaris. ALP2 from a soda lake. This involved cultivating the microalgae in a fermenter heterotrophically or photobioreactor mixotrophically (first-stage) to rapidly obtain high cell densities and inoculate an open-pond phototrophic culture (second-stage) featuring high levels of NaHCO3, pH, and salinity. An improved two-stage cultivation that instead sustainably used as more cheap and sustainable inputs the organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous from fractionation of waste was here demonstrated in a small-scale biorefinery process. The first cultivation stage consisted of two simultaneous batch flask cultures featuring (1) mixotrophic cell productivity of 7.25 × 107 cells mL−1 day−1 on BG-110 medium supplemented with 1.587 g L−1 urea and an enzymatic hydrolysate of pre-treated (torrefaction + grinding + ozonolysis + soaking ammonia) wheat-straw that corresponded to 10 g L−1 glucose, and (2) mixotrophic cell productivity of 2.25 × 107 cells mL−1 day−1 on BG-110 medium supplemented with 1.587 g L−1 urea and a purified and de-toxified condensate of pre-treated (torrefaction + grinding) wheat straw that corresponded to 0.350 g L−1 of potassium acetate. The second cultivation stage featured 1H NMR-determined phototrophic lipid productivity of 0.045 g triacylglycerides (TAG) L−1 day−1 on BG-110 medium supplemented with 16.8 g L−1 NaHCO3 and fed batch-added 22% (v/v) anaerobically digested food waste effluent at HCl-mediated pH 9. |
| Starting Page | 1485 |
| e-ISSN | 20763417 |
| DOI | 10.3390/app12031485 |
| Journal | Applied Sciences |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| Volume Number | 12 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2022-01-29 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Applied Sciences Paper and Wood Biorefinery Algae Anaerobic Digestion Torrefaction Enzyme Hydrolysis Food and Lignocellulosic Waste |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
