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The Role of Macronutrients in the Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in the Paediatric Population—A Review
| Content Provider | MDPI |
|---|---|
| Author | Katharina, Mörwald Pixner, Thomas Stummer, Nathalie Schneider, Anna Maria Lukas, Andreas Gramlinger, Karin Julian, Valérie Thivel, David Maruszczak, Katharina Mangge, Harald Gomahr, Julian Weghuber, Daniel Furthner, Dieter |
| Copyright Year | 2022 |
| Description | Paediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease in childhood. Obesity is the main risk factor. Nutrition and lifestyle are the key elements in preventing and treating NAFLD in the absence of approved drug therapy. Whilst recommendations and studies on macronutrients (carbohydrates, fat and protein) in adult NAFLD exist, the discussion of this topic in paediatric NAFLD remains contradictory. The purpose of this review is to provide state-of-the-art knowledge on the role of macronutrients in paediatric NAFLD regarding quality and quantity. PubMed was searched and original studies and review articles were included in this review. Fructose, sucrose, saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids and ω-6-fatty-acids are strongly associated with paediatric NAFLD. High consumption of fibre, diets with a low glycaemic index, mono-unsaturated-fatty-acids and ω-3-fatty-acids reduce the risk of childhood-onset NAFLD. Data regarding the role of dietary protein in NAFLD are contradictory. No single diet is superior in treating paediatric NAFLD, although the composition of macronutrients in the Mediterranean Diet appears beneficial. Moreover, the optimal proportions of total macronutrients in the diet of paediatric NAFLD patients are unknown. Maintaining a eucaloric diet and avoiding saturated fatty acids, simple sugars (mainly fructose) and a high-caloric Western Diet are supported by literature. |
| Starting Page | 839 |
| e-ISSN | 20751729 |
| DOI | 10.3390/life12060839 |
| Journal | Life |
| Issue Number | 6 |
| Volume Number | 12 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | MDPI |
| Publisher Date | 2022-06-05 |
| Access Restriction | Open |
| Subject Keyword | Life Nutrition and Dietetics Paediatric Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Nafld Macronutrients Obesity Carbohydrates Fat Protein Nutrition Diet |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
